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281.
282.
As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as
to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but
evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher.
Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of
bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these
communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants
of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was
designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors
and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show
strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use. 相似文献
283.
J.S.Michel 《变流技术与电力牵引》2003,(6):43-46
原边能源是电动汽车牵引系统中易造成故障的一个组件,力争对应用了成熟技术的发动机组进行优化. 相似文献
284.
为优化我国目前较为僵化的城市公交票价体系,构建科学合理的票价调节机制,充分发挥
价格杠杆对城市公交资源配置的导向作用,首先总结出我国城市公交票价体系存在票价水平与定
价成本背离、票价水平长期不变及缺乏科学系统的票价调节机制3 个主要问题。然后,深入研究
了新加坡和香港城市公共交通票价调节机制,并分析了其票价调整公式;在借鉴国际、国内相关
经验的基础上,通过总结我国城市公交运营成本中主要单项成本及各单项成本对总成本的影响规
律,将人员工资、燃料消耗费、轮胎消耗费、运营车辆修理费、其他直接运营费、财务费用等作
为影响城市公交票价的主要成本因素,并确定了各因素的权重系数。在以上研究基础上,设计了
能够合理反映城市公交票价定价成本的城市公共交通票价调节模型以及能够综合考虑企业运营成
本、社会经济发展水平、居民承受能力等因素的动态城市公交票价调节机制和配套措施,包括启
动票价调节的前提条件、调价流程设计等。 相似文献
285.
286.
287.
Becky P. Y. Loo 《Transportation》2007,34(4):471-486
Paratransit refers to urban transport services “somewhere between private passenger transport and conventional public transport in terms of cost and quality of service” [Rimmer (1980), Paratransit: A commentary. Environ. Plan. A 12, 937–944]. Since the 1980s, a new form of paratransit—residents’ coach, which provides exclusive transport services to residents living in private housing estates—has emerged in Hong Kong. What was the background underlying the emergence and subsequent growth of residents’ coach services? Also, what was the role of residents’ coach in the public transport system of Hong Kong? With the completion of more railway extensions, should residents’ coach services be replaced? If so, what are the potential impacts on people’s life? This paper addresses the above research questions through a large-scale questionnaire survey that examined not only people’s modal choice but also their residential choice, socio-economic background and attitudes. The findings suggest that transport policy makers should pay more attention to examine new forms of paratransit and the ways of integrating them into the overall public transport system, both spatially and temporally. It is only through the development of an efficient and multi-modal transport system can the maximum potential of paratransit in filling the transport gap between conventional mass transit and private cars be realized. 相似文献
288.
冯正平 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2010,15(2):194-198
The design approach of H∞ autopilot for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) is proposed. Comprised by the three sub-controllers,i.e. speed,heading and depth controllers,the designed autopilot has advantage over existing H∞ control of AUVs. The overshoot in speed,heading and depth control systems under step commands is restricted by refining the weighting function for robust stability. The dynamic performance of heading and depth control systems is improved by feeding back yaw rate and pitch angle,respecti... 相似文献
289.
Y. S. Kim E. Y. Kim Y. W. Shin S. K. Lee 《International Journal of Automotive Technology》2010,11(5):759-765
This paper presents a multi-body flexible dynamic analysis of a centrifugal turbo blower for a fuel cell electric vehicle
(FCEV) based on the application of computer-aided engineering (CAE) to predict the acceleration at the mount position of the
blower. This predicted acceleration is validated by using the measured acceleration data. The numerical simulation for the
multi-body flexible dynamics of the blower is used not only to identify the most effective mount among four mounts in an FCEV
by controlling the complex stiffness of the isolator, but also to suggest the range of complex stiffness of the isolator at
the most effective mount. This numerical simulation technology can be useful for the estimation of the variation of vibration
transmission for the structural modification of the turbo blower. 相似文献
290.
The importance of vehicle safety cannot be exaggerated in today’s mobile societies. Many manufacturers, associates related
to vehicles and universities make an effort to improve vehicle safety by developing new technologies, applying high strength
steel to the body structure etc. However, the majority of these efforts are focused on decreasing injury. It is absolutely
important to minimize injury, but a more important aspect is coping with vehicle accidents. That is, As undeniably important
as it is to minimize potential injuries, it is critical that experts focus on developing ways to keep drivers out of situations
likely to lead to crashes in the first place. The purpose of this paper is to determine what the most critical factor is when
coping with an unfamiliar driving situation. The answer is to provide a wide-open field of vision, especially for the driver.
The driver’s field of vision is obstructed by the vehicle’s A-pillar. To solve this, the A-pillar obstruction angle, which
is the angle between the driver’s eyes and the A-pillar should be decreased. This paper purposes three-methods for decreasing
this angle structurally and applying a slim A-pillar which is as the best solution to decrease the A-pillar obstruction angle
and ensure the drivers field of vision at the same time 相似文献