两自由度不同截面形式柱体涡激振动的CFD数值模拟

文章采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法,结合SST k-棕湍流模型,对低质量比柱体进行两自由度涡激振动数值模拟,得到了柱体升力、曳力系数的时程曲线,并观察了柱体进入锁振状态的幅值变化,研究了不同截面形式柱体在外流速处于0.1-1.0 m/s范围内的振动响应。将圆柱体在不同流速下两向振动的CFD数值模拟与实验数据进行比较,得到了较为满意的结果。通过分析不同截面柱体在不同外流速下的振动幅值发现,带有抑振装置的柱体截面形式能够有效地减小涡激振动,其中,板状截面柱体抑振效果较好。     

Simulation of hydrodynamic performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors

The unsteady performance of drag and double reverse propeller podded propulsors in open water was numerically simulated using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. A moving mesh method was used to more realistically simulate propulsor working conditions, and the thrust, torque, and lateral force coefficients of both propulsors were compared and analyzed. Forces acting on different parts of the propulsors along with the flow field distribution of steady and unsteady results at different advance coefficients were compared. Moreover, the change of the lateral force and the difference between the abovementioned two methods were mainly analyzed. It was shown that the thrust and torque results of both methods were similar, with the lateral force results having the highest deviation     

水下航行器小通道内蒸汽换热实验研究

为研究水下航行器小通道内的蒸汽换热特性,对采用矩形通道设计的冷凝通道进行实验研究,分析不同蒸汽入口温度对通道换热特性的影响。实验结果表明:矩形小通道具有较好的冷凝换热效果,通道总平均换热量、热流密度以及通道出口冷凝液温度均随通道入口蒸汽温度升高而升高。但总传热系数和蒸汽侧换热系数随通道入口蒸汽温度升高而降低。最后在实验数据基础上,将实验值与仿真值进行对比分析,修正仿真模型,确定过热蒸汽冷凝成水的过程中相变点位置,为后续闭式循环动力系统壳体冷凝器的设计提供依据和参考。     

Comparing prediction methods for maritime accidents

ABSTRACT

The purpose of maritime accident prediction is to reasonably forecast an accident occurring in the future. In determining the level of maritime traffic management safety, it is important to analyze development trends of existing traffic conditions. Common prediction methods for maritime accidents include regression analysis, grey system models (GM) and exponential smoothing. In this study, a brief introduction is provided that discusses the aforementioned prediction models, including the associated methods and characteristics of each analysis, which form the basis for an attempt to apply a residual error correction model designed to optimize the grey system model. Based on the results, in which the model is verified using two different types of maritime accident data (linear smooth type and random-fluctuation type, respectively), the prediction accuracy and the applicability were validated. A discussion is then presented on how to apply the Markov model as a way to optimize the grey system model. This method, which proved to be correct in terms of prediction accuracy and applicability, is explored through empirical analysis. Although the accuracy of the residual error correction model is usually higher than the accuracy of the original GM (1,1), the effect of the Markov correction model is not always superior to the original GM (1,1). In addition, the accuracy of the former model depends on the characteristics of the original data, the status partition and the determination method for the status transition matrix.     

绿色交通节能效益量化的问题与对策

研究了绿色交通节能效益量化的问题及其成因,提出了对策建议。     

考虑非稳态传热的高速汽油机主轴承润滑分析

针对一款高速汽油机主轴承内部润滑与摩擦磨损问题,考虑到轴承承载不均导致的轴瓦与润滑油非稳态传热,基于弹性流体动力润滑(EHD)和轴承动力学理论方法,通过迭代计算,得出该高速汽油机具有代表性的第三主轴承在最大转速(9500 r/min)时轴承内部精确的温度场与热变形,并以此为轴承新的几何轮廓边界条件分析轴承的实际润滑情况.结果表明,与未考虑轴瓦温度场及热变形相比,轴承润滑状态明显恶化,具体表现为轴承最小油膜厚度减小、最大油膜压力增大,且出现较严重的磨损.最后通过发动机台架试验测得轴承的实际工作情况,并与计算结果进行对比,计算结果与实际摩擦磨损情况吻合,验证了所用方法和所得研究结论的正确性.     

正交异性钢桥面板足尺模型疲劳试验研究

为研究公路钢桥正交异性板的疲劳破坏行为及疲劳强度,以重庆江津中渡长江大桥为背景,选取其主跨梁段建立正交异性钢桥面板的足尺试验模型,进行疲劳试验。试验过程中对疲劳易损构造处的应力数据进行采集,观测其开裂情况,并采用热点应力法评估其疲劳强度。结果表明:加劲肋腹板与横隔板切口焊接处出现疲劳裂缝;顶板与加劲肋腹板焊接处出现纵向疲劳裂缝;横隔板切口处无疲劳裂缝产生,但存在较大拉应力;加劲肋腹板与横隔板切口焊接处的疲劳强度大于Eurocode规范中的90类细节的疲劳强度,也大于AASHTO规范中的C类疲劳强度,顶板与加劲肋腹板焊接处的疲劳强度大于Eurocode规范中的112类细节的疲劳强度,也大于AASHTO规范中的C类疲劳强度。     

钢管混凝土拱桥动力试验与动力性能分析

以龙西大桥为工程背景,详细介绍该桥有限元模型的建模思路、要点及其动力试验方法。结合理论计算和试验数据,从自振特性、行车舒适度、阻尼特性、动力冲击效应和动力响应等方面分析桥梁的动力性能。动力理论分析和试验结果较为吻合,说明该桥有限元模型能够真实反映该桥的动力特性,可以为桥梁的健康检测和状态评估提供可靠的参考依据。     

季节性冰冻地区公路边坡侵蚀破坏模式

针对季节性冰冻地区的路基边坡冻融滑坍破坏现象,分析了公路边坡破坏的各种侵蚀模式和影响因素。采用坡面流拖曳力法、坡面流量法等对坡面水力学特征进行研究,测算坡面冲刷临界坡度值,分析临界坡度与冲刷量之间的关系;同时采用有效应力法研究了冻融作用下的边坡安全稳定性。结果表明：季节性冰冻地区粘性土最大冲刷强度对应的临界坡度与目前常用的坡度值很接近或交叉,为减少水土流失,建议放缓土质边坡;边坡土体冻结前含水质量分数和融化后抗剪强度下降幅度是影响冻融滑坍破坏的主要因素,建议在设计中要考虑冲刷和冻融因素,并对特殊土质边坡进行相应的物理力学指标检测和稳定性验算。     

新近堆积黄土地基承载力计算

针对新近堆积黄土（Q4^2→3）的特殊土质,分析了确定该类黄土地基承载力常用方法存在的问题以及承载力受多因素影响的特点。基于统计理论,以大量实测载荷试验数据为样本,统计了承载力与影响承载力物理指标之间的关系,建立了新近堆积黄土地基承载力的多因素综合计算方法。工程实例表明,应用该计算方法确定的地基承载力,相对误差小于5％,能满足公路建设的要求。