隧道盾构带压进舱作业的潜水技术问题

从潜水技术的专业视角探讨潜水技术与盾构施工的应用问题,通过研究隧道盾构带压作业的主要难点和技术条件、所需潜水技术及特征、主要潜水设备、潜水技术应用的一般准则等,以解决隧道盾构带压进舱作业的潜水技术应用问题。主要结论如下:1)潜水技术适用于隧道盾构施工作业;2)潜水技术用于隧道盾构作业,除需解决装备、规程及减压表等软硬件外,潜水人员及作业管理也是其成败之关键;3)与隧道盾构作业所需潜水作业相比,海上潜水面对的环境更严酷,更复杂,人员装备的要求更高;4)我国隧道盾构带压作业潜水,目前需要优先关注的是如何将海洋工程潜水技术科学有效地移植于隧道盾构施工带压作业领域。     

语篇中的评价:显性与隐性

评价是语篇意义的一个核心成分,可以出现在语篇的任何地方.评价的实现方式存在显性与隐性之别,它不仅可以借助评价词汇显性表达,也可以通过其它途径隐性暗示.文章通过探究评价显明性的本质,认为语境和价值观在隐性评价的解读过程中发挥了重要作用.同时,文章探讨了影响语篇评价显明程度的因素,这些因素包括语篇体裁、评价处所和交际双方的...     

车辆电动悬架的混合不确定建模与μ综合控制器设计

考虑悬架和电机作动器的参数摄动和控制输入的高阶未建模不确定性,利用线性分式变换理论对已开发的车辆电动悬架系统进行混合不确定建模和仿真,并设计了μ综合控制器.仿真得到了主动悬架和被动悬架的频率和时间响应.结果表明,相比被动悬架,所设计的μ综合控制器对乘坐舒适性有很大的提升.μ分析表明,与基于主动悬架名义模型设计的H∞综合控制器相比,μ综合控制器可使闭环系统获得更好的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能.     

Development of an Operability Evaluation Framework for Remotely Controlled Ground Combat Vehicles in a Simulated Environment

This paper proposes a systematic framework for operability evaluation of remotely controlled ground combat systems (RGCS) in a simulated environment. The popular human-robot interaction metric used in unmanned vehicle systems is called fan-out (FO) and represents the maximum number of robots/vehicles that could be controlled by a single human operator. However, FO is inappropriate for systems with a lower level of automation where vehicles are remotely controlled by a human, such as RGCS. The theoretical background of the suggested framework is based on McRuer’s crossover model that was initially developed in the aviation domain for explaining pilot handling issues. In this study, an evaluation/analysis software prototype was developed, known as the RGCS operability evaluation tool in a simulated environment (ROPES). The ROPES was designed to be a simple tool for use by officers or researchers who only have intuitive understanding on the human adaptability. The ROPES includes two sub-modules; 1) an interactive interface for the configuration of the RGCS dynamic parameters and user interfaces and 2) a time-varying graphical display of system and human performance. Examples case studies demonstrate the advantage of the ROPES, and improvement points were identified for future development.     

扬州市扬子津路古运河大桥新建工程设计综述

扬子津路古运河大桥为扬州市扬子津路建设工程的重要节点,桥梁采用(40+60+40)m悬臂浇筑变截面连续梁,分两幅布置,单幅桥宽28.75 m。桥梁设计充分考虑了河道通航与防汛需求、工程的经济性及景观效果。桥梁结构设计合理、可靠,施工方法成熟,桥梁外形简洁流畅,整体造型与佛教文化相呼应,可为相关项目提供参考和借鉴。     

Development of hydrogen-compressed natural gas blend engine for heavy duty vehicles

Natural gas fuel, as an alternative energy source of transportation, has been used widely since it has an advantage of low emission levels. However, new technologies are required in order to meet the reinforced emission regulations. For this purpose, research into the development of hydrogen-compressed natural gas (HCNG) blend engine was carried out to evaluate its feasibility and emission characteristics. The Engine Research Department at the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials carried out a large number of tests based on various parameter changes that could affect the performance and emission of HCNG engine in different operating conditions. An earlier stage of the research project focused on the lean combustion of a HCNG engine for heavy duty vehicles to meet the EURO-VI standards. An 11-L/6-cylinder CNG engine was used for the test. The effects of the excess air ratio change were assessed based on various content ratios of hydrogen in the natural gas fuel. In the later part of the HCNG research, a stoichiometric mixture operation was suggested to meet reinforced emission regulation without requiring a De-NOx system. Additionally, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was introduced for the purpose of improving thermal efficiency and durability. The optimal operating conditions were selected to achieve the best thermal efficiency to meet the required emission levels. In this paper, we demonstrate that a HCNG engine can achieve a significant decrease in NOx emissions, as compared to that of a CNG engine, while meeting the requirements of the EURO-VI standards during a transient mode cycle test. EGR can suppress the weakness of stoichiometric mixture combustion strategy, such as the deterioration of the durability and thermal efficiency, while the emission level can be lowered with the use of a three-way catalyst. The possibility of further reduction of emissions and CO2 with EGR was evaluated to access practical application of a HCNG engine in the field. From that evaluation, the HCNG engine with stoichiometric mixture operation for heavy duty vehicles was developed. The emission levels of HCNG engine were 50 % lower when compared to the EURO-VI standards with a greater than 10 % decrease in CO₂ compared to that of a natural gas engine.     

服务社会把好船舶质量安全准入关——中国海事局建局十周年成就之船舶检验篇

近几年,我国造船、航运及其配套行业实现了跨越式发展,并保持了强劲的势头。2004年我国造船量880万载重吨,占全世界的14%,2007年我国的造船量达到1893万载重吨,增幅115%,占全世界的23%,居世界第三,目前,我国造船企业的手持订单已是世界第一;我国民用运输船舶拥有量增幅飞速,1997年全国水上运输船舶拥有量为4781.4万载重吨,2007年为11881.5万载重吨,     

车用发动机球铁曲轴的质量控制

为提高车用发动机球铁曲轴生产技术水平，从铁水的熔炼及炉前处理、造型工艺、浇注一冷却工艺、曲轴强化等方面，对国内外曲轴铸造工艺进行了分析比较。介绍了获得纯净铁水的熔炼方法、铁水的球化处理方法及球化剂的配比、孕育处理方法、铜与钼合金的配合使用方法等。     

法治的道德性分析

道德不仅是现实的社会规范,它还包含着人们对理想社会生活的美和善的价值追求.法治的道德性是从法治的内外方面探讨法治对于善和美的科学体现和发展,权利则是法治道德性的生命.对法治道德性的关注有助于推动我们社会法律化道德的构建和法治文明的实现.     

Recent observations in the straits of the East/Japan Sea: A review of hydrography, currents and volume transports

Recent observations of hydrography, currents and volume transports in the straits of the East/Japan Sea are reviewed. It is newly found that bottom cold water in the Korea/Tsushima Strait originating from the northern region of the East/Japan Sea appears not only in summer and autumn but also in winter. Intensive observations in the Korea/Tsushima Strait revealed two distinct cores of northeastward currents in the upper layer of the western and eastern channels. Mean volume transport through the Korea/Tsushima Strait is calculated as 2.5 ± 0.5 Sv from four-year direct and indirect measurements. As continuous monitoring has started in the Tsugaru and Soya Straits, understanding of temporal variability of currents and volume transports through the straits is in progress. For the first time, simultaneous time series of volume transports are available in the Korea/Tsushima and Tsugaru Straits during the winter of 1999–2000. Ouflow through the Tsugaru Strait accounts for about 70% of inflow through the Korea/Tsushima Strait for this period.