两组耦合节理工况下隧道变形的数值研究

文章以玉山县高竹山隧道的围岩节理特征为基础,采用离散元软件UDEC建立二维计算模型,通过计算不同工况下的拱顶塌落高度值,研究了两组节理耦合工况下节理倾角、间距对隧道变形的影响。研究结果表明,随节理倾角的增大,塌落高度先增大(0°~30°时)后减小(30°~45°时)最后再增大(45°~90°时),且节理倾角为60°时塌落高度计算值与普氏理论值最为接近;当节理间距在0.2~1.0 m范围内时,随节理间距的增大塌落高度呈非线性减小;当间距接近1.0 m时,塌落高度降幅不明显;当间距不大于0.2 m时,计算值与普氏理论值最为接近。     

A system dynamics approach to land use / transportation system performance modeling Part II: Application

This paper presents a system dynamics approach to simultaneous land use/transportation system performance modeling. A model is designed based on the causality functions and feedback loop structure between a large number of physical, socioeconomic, and policy variables. The model system consists of 7 sub‐models: population, migration of population, household, job growth‐employment‐land availability, housing development, travel demand, and traffic congestion level. The model is formulated in DYNAMO simulation language, and tested on a data set from Montgomery County, MD. In Part I: Methodology, the overall approach and the structure of the model system is discussed and the causal‐loop diagrams and major equations are presented. In Part II: Application, the model is calibrated and tested with data from Montgomery County, MD. Least square method and overall system behavior are used to estimate the model parameters. The model is fitted with the 1970–80 data and validated with the 1980–1990 data. Robustness and sensitivities with respect to input parameters such as birth rate or regional economy growth are analyzed. The model performance as a policy analysis tool is also examined by predicting the year by year impacts of highway capacity expansion on land use and transportation system performance. While this is a first attempt in using dynamic system simulation modeling in simultaneous treatment of land use and transportation system interactions, and model development and application are limited to some extent due to data availability, the results clearly indicate that the proposed method is a promising approach in dealing with complex urban land use/transportation modeling     

Comparative measurements on the flow structure of a marine propeller wake between an open free surface and closed surface flows

In order to investigate the effects of a free surface on the wake behind a rotating propeller, experiments were carried out in a circulating water channel for two cases: one with an open free surface and one with a closed free surface covered by a rigid plate. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at four different blade phases. These were ensemble-averaged to investigate the time-averaged flow structure in the near-wake region. For a surface ship, the flow behind the propeller is influenced by the hull wake and the free surface. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between the bilge vortices and the incoming flow along the ship’s hull deforms the wake structure. Tip vortices are generated periodically, and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The free surface was found to affect the axial velocity component and vortex structure behind the propeller. As the flow goes downstream, the tip and trailing vortices dissipate due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing with adjacent vortices.     

基于正交试验的水泥稳定碎石基层强度影响分析

水泥稳定碎石通过物理、化学和物理化学作用,形成了碎石间的嵌挤力、水泥浆的粘结力和水泥浆与碎石之间的胶结力,最终形成了水泥稳定碎石的整体强度。在基于正交试验方法的基础上,对水泥剂量、含水量、压实度和4.75mm筛孔通过率等影响水泥稳定碎石强度的四个主要因素进行试验分析。正交试验的方差分析结果表明,对90d间接抗拉强度和7d抗压强度,四个因素影响具有相同的趋势,即:水泥剂量>4.75mm筛孔通过率>压实度>含水量。     

深水拉森钢板桩围堰施工方法

目前国内路桥建设施工中,大部分跨河桥梁水中桩基承台采用的是围堰法施工,所用围堰通常采用土石围堰、钢筋混凝土沉井围堰、钢套(吊)箱围堰、钢板桩围堰等。复杂的地质条件选择何种方法进行围堰的施工,是各个施工项目研究的重点。该文就深水区如何采用拉森钢板桩围堰进行桥梁承台的施工方法进行探讨,可供类似工程参考。     

地质雷达检测在无锡地铁不良地质段的应用

通过地质雷达对无锡地铁2号线某段地下孤石的检测,有效地圈出了孤石的规模以及位置,对于地铁盾构的施工提供了有利依据;通过对某溶洞注浆效果的探测评价来分析地质雷达方法对注浆效果检测的适用性以及为地铁的施工提供依据。     

深圳轨道交通11号线车公庙站—红树湾站区间复合地层 7 m盾构刀盘的适应性分析

盾构刀盘与地层间的适应性是制约盾构应用效果的关键因素,这一点在复合地层中尤为突出。深圳地铁11号线采用了7 m CET6950型复合土压平衡盾构,分析其盾构刀盘与深圳复合地层的适应性,既利于工程建设的开展,又利于推动我国盾构技术的发展。依托深圳城市轨道交通11号线车公庙站—红树湾站区间隧道工程,依据盾构刀盘的设计经验和广州、深圳复合地层中盾构施工的案例,并结合本区间盾构始发段掘进参数,就盾构刀盘与复合地层之间的适应性进行分析。分析指出： CET6950型盾构刀盘与复合地层具有良好的适应性。     

海上平台"弯头类"管结点坡口的确定

海上平台常见的管结点有两大类,一类为圆管与圆管间的"马鞍形";一类为圆管与平台工字钢间的"弯头类".但是对于"弯头类"结点的坡口在规范上没有要求和规定,在平台施工中,我们根据结点特点确定了"弯头类"结点的坡口形式,保证了平台的安全和质量,填补了规范上这方面的空白.     

A NEW URBAN FORM AND ITS INNOVATIVE TRANSPORTATION STRATEGY TO ACCOMMODATE URBAN GROWTH

If we are to accommodate the rate of urban growth which North America will face in the first half of the twenty-first century, it is the contention of this paper that we must build new cities, not new towns, beyond commuting distance of existing cities. These can be located in open countryside on virgin land, or they can grow around existing small towns, all in conjunction with the construction of an innovative personal transportation system. In this paper a hexagonal modular structure, in which self-contained urban units can be combined and added to over time, is proposed as a new urban form and AVCS maglev — which will serve the new cities efficiently — is proposed as a key transportation strategy.     

汽车智能终端人性化设计概述

汽车智能终端是＂驾驶员-车辆-环境系统＂中极为重要的一环,能够有效提高驾驶的安全性、改善驾驶的乐趣;随着汽车操作复杂性的日益增加,其功能也不断得到增强。文中对智能终端的信号检测与提醒警示进行了综述,然后对显示终端人性化设计进行了探讨。