Novel experimental strategy for high resolution AFM imaging of membrane-associated bacterial toxins

Bacterial pore-forming toxins （PFTs） are essential virulence factors of many human pathogens. Knowl- edge of their structure within the membrane is critical for an understanding of their function in pathogenesis and for the development of useful therapy. Atomic force microscopy （AFM） has often been employed to structurally interrogate many membrane proteins, including PFTs, owing to its ability to produce sub-nanometer resolution images of samples under aqueous solution. However, an absolute prerequisite for AFM studies is that the samples are single-layered and closely-packed, which is frequently challenging with PFTs. Here, using the prototypical member of the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family of PFTs, perfringolysin O （PFO）, as a test sample, we have developed a simple, highly robust method that routinely produces clean, closely-packed samples across the entire specimen surface. In this approach, we first use a small Teflon well to prepare the supported lipid bilayer, remove the sample from the well, and then directly apply the proteins to the bilayer. For reasons that are not clear, bilayer preparation in the Teflon well is essential. We anticipate that this simple method will prove widely useful for the preparation of similar samples, and thereby enable AFM imaging of the greatest range of bacterial PFTs to the highest possible resolution.     

饲料加硼对摄入过量氟的实验大鼠骨损伤的预防作用

目的探讨饲料加硼对过量氟摄入的大鼠骨损伤的预防作用。方法24只4-5周龄Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠分为:对照组(喂饲基础饲料,饮蒸馏水)、过量氟组[喂饲基础饲料,饮含100mg/LF-(氟化钠221mg/L的蒸馏水)]、硼预防组(喂饲加硼饲料,饮含100mg/LF-的蒸馏水)。实验3月后测量大鼠血清氟、硼含量及血清碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,AKP)活性、骨氟和骨总RNA含量、胫骨纵径横径和干重及骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD),并检测大鼠股骨生物力学特性。结果和对照组比较,过量氟组大鼠血清氟、骨氟含量和血清AKP活性显著增高;骨总RNA含量、全身骨骼平均BMD和胫骨BMD降低;胫骨纵径、横径和干重减小;股骨最大负荷减低,最大形变增加。相比过量氟组,硼预防组大鼠血清氟和骨氟含量及AKP活性明显下降;骨总RNA含量、全身骨骼平均BMD、腰椎和胫骨BMD显著增高;胫骨纵径、横径和干重,股骨最大负荷明显增加。3组大鼠血清硼含量无显著性差异。结论大鼠摄入过量氟可出现明显的骨损伤,饲料加硼对此有一定的预防作用。     

城市交通规划模型的探讨

通过对中美两国城市交通模型的现状和发展的比较.首先回顾了美国在交通规划模型实践中的经验和存在的问题,并分析了中国交通问题的特征,及其交通模型的选择和数据采集方面的优势,主张中国在模型的开发和应用上,不应该局限于西方国家的实践经验,而应当大胆创新.其次,认为交通规划模型的研发,应该从提高预测能力和增强分析能力两个层面入手.当前一项紧迫的任务是由国家交通运输部组织专家工作组,对不同的模型和方法做客观的评价,为交通规划建模提供规范化的技术指导.最后,讨论了交通规划和GIS软件在实际应用中常常被忽略的一些技术问题.     

基于PLC与变频器的船用载货电梯控制系统研究

某型船用载货电梯采用PLC控制。PLC单独使用时,在控制装置在使用过程中存在一些不足,会出现运行不稳定、能耗大、噪音大等问题。通过加装变频器对某型船的PLC单独控制的系统进行系统的升级改造,介绍了基于PLC与变频器的电梯控制系统硬件组成方案及逻辑控制程序。仿真结果表明加装变频器后,电梯故障率降低,提高了电梯运行的安全性和可靠性。     

A non-geometrically similar model for predicting the wake field of full-scale ships

The scale effect leads to large discrepancies between the wake fields of model-scale and actual ships, and causes differences in cavitation performance and exciting forces tests in predicting the performance of actual ships. Therefore, when test data from ship models are directly applied to predict the performance of actual ships, test results must be subjected to empirical corrections. This study proposes a method for the reverse design of the hull model. Compared to a geometrically similar hull model, the wake field generated by the modified model is closer to that of an actual ship. A non- geometrically similar model of a Korean Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering (KRISO)’s container ship (KCS) was designed. Numerical simulations were performed using this model, and its results were compared with full-scale calculation results. The deformation method of getting the wake field of full-scale ships by the non-geometrically similar model is applied to the KCS successfully.     

强电磁防护技术研究进展

高功率微波武器是现代战场上极具杀伤性的攻击手段。针对现代武器装备的强电磁防护问题,通过介绍高功率微波武器及防护研究发展进程,结合传统电磁防护方法,分析电磁自适应防护、微波加固和硬件演化等前沿技术手段,从电路防护和空间防护的角度出发,论述射频电磁防护单元、皮秒级电磁脉冲抑制器件、频率选择表面等强电磁防护器件和装置的研究成果以及强电磁防护的新材料,并从系统综合防护、设备潜在失效性、强电磁防护标准3个方面对强电磁防护技术的发展给出相应的建议。     

安徽省ETC收费车道改造工程实践

随着安徽省高速公路网络化步伐加快和高速公路电子不停车收费工作的快速发展,用户对高速公路服务水平的要求逐渐提高。结合ETC工程改造的实践,阐述了系统功能、设备选型及车道布局等方面的关键技术。     

轨交环控负载配电中智能型成套设备的设计探讨

在轨交环控负载配电中,智能型成套设备通过对智能化仪表、控制器的遥信、遥测、遥控和遥调,实现了环控设备就地控制、环控电控室控制、上级监控系统控制的三级控制。在各种智能型成套设备方案中,分散式可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)方案在保证可靠性、实时性、适应性、集中度的同时,做到了资源整合共享、缩小故障范围,减少设备投资,为环控设备的配电、控制提供了有力的保障。     

大城市客运交通结构优化模型研究

城市客运交通结构是关系城市交通系统发展方向的核心问题。从城市交通可持续发展角度出发建立了大城市客运交通结构优化的线性规划模型,其中决策变量为城市客运交通系统中各种交通方式的周转量。该模型的目标为最大化城市客运交通效率,该交通效率不是简单的各种交通方式客运周转量的函数,而是由各种交通方式的客运周转量和各种交通方式对城市客运交通效率贡献率共同决定。同时考虑客运交通结构优化过程中应满足的出行需求总量约束、可达性约束、占地约束、能耗约束、环境容量约束和各种交通方式发展规模约束等。该模型在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。     

基于齿轮非线性动力学的变速器异响分析

从非线性动力学的角度对某变速器齿轮异响故障进行分析,针对异响的表现特征对单对齿轮副间隙非线性振动问题进行研究,从影响齿轮非线性动力响应特征的激励频率、载荷比、阻尼比等参数出发分析系统稳定的条件,并根据分析所得的结论对变速器异响问题的改进提出建议。