国内外市域轨道交通车站分布比较研究

大型城市在设置市域轨道交通郊区段与市区段车站时需考虑不同的因素.本文通过分析比较香港、巴黎、东京和上海的典型市域轨道交通线路车站设置案例,得出了如下研究结论:市域线路在市区段若有平行市区轨道交通线路时应采用大站间距设置模式;在郊区段应采用基于客流集散点灵活设站的模式.经过郊区开发密度低的区域时如采用地面或高架的敷设方式有利于越行线的布设,可改进运营组织,提高运营效率.     

A time series analysis of the dynamic competition between major cargo airports

This paper models the dynamic competition between major cargo airports from the time series perspectives of long-term equilibriums and short-run dynamics. We first apply a unit root test to examine the stationarity of cargo throughput data. Airports are then analysed pairwise by region to test their equilibrium relationships through cointegration analysis. Meanwhile, we also utilise the error correction model to investigate the short-run impacts of cargo traffic between the airports. According to our findings, there are four positive long-term equilibriums, one positive short-run dynamic and three negative short-run dynamics in Asia. In addition, the airports in North America are found to have four positive long-term equilibriums, three negative long-run equilibriums, seven positive short-run impacts and three negative short-run impacts. As these dynamic relationships imply competition between cargo airports, our study can provide airport authorities with the reference to develop their long-term strategies and short-run operational plans.     

Practical approach for travel time estimation from point traffic detector data

Accurate estimation of travel time is critical to the success of advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems. Travel time estimation also provides basic data support for travel time reliability research, which is being recognized as an important performance measure of the transportation system. This paper investigates a number of methods to address the three major issues associated with travel time estimation from point traffic detector data: data filling for missing or error data, speed transformation from time‐mean speed to space‐mean speed, and travel time estimation that converts the speeds recorded at detector locations to travel time along the highway segment. The case study results show that the spatial and temporal interpolation of missing data and the transformation to space‐mean speed improve the accuracy of the estimates of travel time. The results also indicate that the piecewise constant‐acceleration‐based method developed in this study and the average speed method produce better results than the other three methods proposed in previous studies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高水压盾构隧道管片接缝防水可靠性试验研究

盾构隧道管片衬砌防水至关重要,而在东亚地区大部分盾构隧道都采用单层衬砌,由于没有内衬,则弹性密封垫的可靠性变得更为关键.作者以南京市纬三路过江隧道工程为依托,研制了全新的高水压、全自动三向加载防水性能试验系统,并运用工程实际1∶1的弹性密封垫和混凝土试件,进行了多组密封垫装配力及一字缝、T字缝防水性能试验,从而研究优化出了性能、结构优异的三元乙丙橡胶弹性密封垫断面形式.试验结果表明,密封垫装配力与其防水性能存在很大程度上的相关性;密封垫的硬度、沟槽填充率在不同程度上对密封垫防水性能有直接影响.     

盾构法道路隧道工程中出入口匝道的设置

用盾构暗挖法建设地下道路的工程越来越多,但其出入口匝道、尤以分合流车道拓宽段的设置却成了难题。介绍了国外已有的全暗挖施工方法,如在主线和匝道隧道间以横向弧形管幕+冻结法和沿隧道纵向的管幕法,构筑新的横向椭圆形结构来建造两者间分合流拓宽段。作者还结合工程,对局部明挖法的方案设计作了尝试——结合沿线工作井,在井内以明挖法完成不同隧道主线、匝道间的分合流拓宽段建设。通过不同工法的比较,希望能以此有助于拓宽设计思路,为盾构法道路隧道工程建设提供参考与借鉴。     

轨交地下车站设备用房通风空调系统测试分析及改进建议

通过对上海轨交部分地下车站主要电气设备用房的现场调研、测试及数据分析,全面了解了各线通风空调系统设置情况,对弱电设备用房温度偏高的各类原因进行了综合分析,同时对设计、建设、运营以及监控等方面提出一些改进建议。     

石棉尾矿在(底)基层中应用的试验研究

通过室内试验以及现场测试,结合SEM、XRD、XRF微观分析,研究了石棉尾矿作为高速公路(底)基层材料的路用特性.结果表明,水泥稳定石棉尾矿碎石混合料强度满足规范要求,用于高速公路(底)基层是可行的.由于石棉尾矿含有少量碎石棉纤维,吸水率与一般的碎石相比偏高,工程施工过程中应严格控制含水量,并注意施工防护和环境保护.在缺乏筑路材料的山区,合理利用当地的废矿料,能够取得良好的经济效益、社会效益以及环境效益.     

基于EMD和Gabor变换的发动机曲轴轴承故障特征提取

针对发动机振动信号的非平稳特点,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和Gabor变换相结合的曲轴轴承故障特征提取新方法。通过EMD方法将发动机非稳态加速振动信号分解成多个本征模态函数(IMF),对与原信号相关性强的前4阶IMF分量进行Gabor变换,从各阶分量Gabor时频分布图的频带能量累加曲线中提取能够反映曲轴轴承磨损故障的频带能量作为故障特征参数。试验结果表明,该方法提取的故障特征参数能敏感地反映曲轴轴承的磨损状态,可作为诊断曲轴轴承故障的重要特征量。     

静态有限元不同约束方式的影响

利用CATIA软件建立一个正六面体模型,导入到HyperWorlds中进行不同约束方式的三种工况静力学分析,得到位移和应力分布图。计算出典型工况下六面体的变形位移与应力大小,同软件结果进行对比,分析其误差范围及原因,由此总结出不同约束方式对静态有限元分析结果的影响。     

基于Imageware和UG的某轿车车身侧围逆向设计研究

通过测量某实物轿车,得到车身点云图。应用Imageware的点云处理功能和UG的曲面造型方法,提出了利用逆向设计来快速构建侧围模型的方法。本文对用逆向工程方法进行车身建模进行了初步探讨,并最终建立了侧围的模型,得到了逆向工程的一般步骤和建模技巧,为其他车型的逆向设计提供了参考。