水结成冰为什么会冻裂缸体

水是发动机最佳的散热介质.用水对发动机进行冷却,需注意不使水结冰,否则会导致缸体、水箱破裂.为什么呢?     

5—Fu腹腔灌注治疗腹腔恶性肿瘤临床观察

本文报道应用大剂量5-Fu腹腔灌注治疗晚期腹腔内恶性肿瘤59例的方法及效果。完全缓解(CR)2例,占3.5%;部分缓解(PR)28例,占47.4%;稳定(SD)17例,占28.8%;进展(PD)12例,占20.3%。总有效率(CR+PR)30例,占50.9%。平均生存期11个月。指出腹腔灌注化疗是治疗晚期腹腔内恶性肿瘤的一种简便、安全、可靠途径。     

交通征稽系统计算机网络的安全性研究

为了确保异地征收和银行代征系统的正常运转，有效防范各类计算机网络运行的安全隐患，针对影响计算机网络安全性的因素，经过认真分析研究，提出了确保计算机网络安全运行的策略。     

光网络业务恢复算法研究

光网络拓扑结构的变化破坏网络中端到端的连接业务和业务环．根据原有业务路由和结构改变后的网络结构，从原有业务的正向和反向搜索，找出原有业务路由的正向和反向断点；通过回溯法和路由算法搜索出断点之间的路由，连接正向断点之前的路由、断点之间的路由和反向断点之后的路由实现业务恢复。     

短路脱扣器仿真计算

本文研究的短路脱扣器直接放置在直流断路器的母排上。当母排出现过载或短路电流时,短路脱扣器感应动作,直流断路器分断。短路脱扣器直接由母排感应动作,不受控制回路电源控制,大大增加了断路器的分断可靠性。本文运用电磁场分析软件Ansoft Maxwell对短路脱扣器进行仿真计算,从而验证设计的可行性与可靠性。     

One-dimensional model on fuel penetration in diesel sprays with gas flow

In diesel engine, spray penetration is usually changed by in-cylinder gas flow. Accurate prediction on diesel spray with gas flow is important to the optimal design of diesel fuel injection system. This paper presents a theory investigation focusing on the penetration of diesel spray with gas flow. In order to understand the effect of gas flow on the penetration of diesel spray, a one-dimensional spray model is developed from an idealized diesel spray, which is able to predict the spray behavior under different gas flow conditions. The ambient gas flow is simplified as ideal flow that has only constant flow velocity along x-axial and y-axial directions of spray. The x-axial and y-axial directions are respectively defined as along and vertical spray directions. The main assumption is that the y-axial direction gas flow has no effect on the penetration of spray along x-axial direction. The principles of conservation of mass and momentum are used in the derivation. Momentum of in-cylinder air flow is also taken into consideration. Validation of the model at stable condition is achieved by comparing model predictions with experimental measurements of diesel spray without gas flow from Naber's experiments. Furthermore, CFD simulations on penetration of diesel spray with gas flow were performed with the commercial code AVL-fire. The onedimensional model is validated by the penetration results with gas flow from CFD calculation. Results show that a reasonable estimation of the spray evolution can be obtained for both with and without ambient gas flow conditions.     

Experimental study of EGR cooler regeneration aided by oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP

Based on non-thermal plasma (NTP) technology fed by oxygen and air as the gas source respectively, the experimental system of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler regeneration was built to do a study at different regeneration temperatures. By measuring the concentration of main active substance and CO_x in regeneration process, the influence of temperature on regeneration aided by oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP was investigated. The experimental results indicate that EGR cooler can be regenerated both by air-fed NTP and oxygen-fed NTP at a wide temperature range of 18 °C ～ 300 °C. By comparison of the regeneration with oxygen-fed NTP and air-fed NTP, it can be easily known that the regeneration effect is most remarkable at 150 °C with oxygen-fed NTP and at 120 °C with air-fed NTP. In addition, when the temperature is below 150 °C especially at 120 °C, the regeneration efficiency of air-fed NTP is lower than oxygen-fed NTP, nevertheless, when the temperature is above 150 °C, air-fed NTP has a superiority in regeneration and the higher the temperature is, the more obvious the superiority will be.     

基于Wilson熵分布假设的交通公平性量化评价模型

在对交通公平性的量化评价方法进行考察的基础上,从效益分配符合"W ilson熵分布"的假设出发,尝试建立了群体决策型的公平性量化评价模型,该模型综合考虑了区域公平性和不同群体效益归属公平性.对于模型的分析表明交通设施的群体决策型公平性量化评价模型具有最佳解.同时通过数学方法可以证明建立的基于"W ilson熵分布"假设的交通公平性量化评价模型能很好地体现对于弱势群体和不发达区域的效益"补偿"作用.分析结果表明该模型用于交通公平性评价是合理、可行的.     

地区公路项目兼顾效率与公平的优先级评价

政府投资的地区公路项目受到建设资金制约,在考虑项目建设效益的同时需兼顾地区的均衡发展.文中在总结前人研究成果的基础上,建立计量经济学的面板数据回归模型,采用GMM方法进行模型参数估计.模型采用年鉴数据,利用专业软件进行回归分析.并将回归分析的结果与前人的研究进行对比,对模型在中国部分省的适用性进行了评价.根据对实际案例的评价结果表明,评价模型具有很好的实用性.     

按使用工况改善重型柴油机经济性的研究

对重型柴油机运行工况进行了分区,并分析了 CA6DL 系列柴油机常用工况.以 CA6DL2-35型柴油机为例,探讨了按使用工况改善重型柴油机经济性的方法.试验结果表明,在高于1600r/min的中高转速区域内,改进后CA6DL2-35型柴油机较对比柴油机油耗降低0～2g/(kW.h);在1200～1600r/min的中低转速区域内,较对比柴油机油耗降低0～4g/(kW.h);在800-1000r/min的区域内,较对比柴油机油耗高0-5g/(kW.h).