车辆吸能部件的碰撞试验与数值仿真

为了设计某列车耐撞性车体,实现列车被动安全保护,进行了台车碰撞试验和数值仿真计算,研究了耐撞性车体吸能部件的吸能特性。在台车撞击试验过程中,吸能部件从预期部位开始发生稳定有序的塑性变形,吸收的冲击动能与最大变形量基本成正比关系,说明该部件具有良好的吸能效果。并在此基础上,应用显式动力有限元理论建立了其有限元撞击模型,进行了数值仿真计算。相关性分析结果表明:仿真结果与试验结果基本一致,在整个撞击过程中,撞击力曲线基本吻合,最大撞击力峰值分别为2486·3、2423·1kN,最大变形量误差和初始撞击力峰值误差都小于3%,反弹速度误差小于4%。显然,利用撞击试验验证了数值计算的有效性和可靠性,利用数值计算设计和优化车辆吸能部件是可行的。     

综合重症监护病房患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学和耐药性分析

目的探讨病原菌在综合重症监护病房(ICU)患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的分布及对常用抗生素的耐药情况。方法对我院2004-2006年综合ICU患者VAP病原菌的分布及耐药性进行回顾性统计分析。结果从302例综合ICU VAP患者下呼吸道深部分泌物标本中分离出347株病原菌,主要病原菌是铜绿假单胞菌(32.3%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(31.1%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(16.7%)、克雷伯菌(7.5%)与凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(6.1%)。革兰阴性杆菌(G-杆菌)对哌拉西林、头孢噻肟耐药率最高,对碳青霉烯类及加酶抑制剂抗生素耐药率最低;革兰阳性球菌(G 球菌)对青霉素类、克林霉素及红霉素耐药率高,对万古霉素、喹诺酮类抗生素耐药率低。结论G-杆菌是综合ICU患者VAP最主要的病原菌,多重耐药性高;耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MR-SCNS)的分离率高且耐药严重。临床医师应根据病原菌学及抗菌药物敏感性资料,及时选择合理的抗生素控制感染,延缓耐药菌株的产生。     

非线性优化AHP法在公交服务水平评价中应用

本文应用非线性优化AHP法确定指标权重系数,改进了传统AHP法的不足之处,针对评价指标的模糊性,建立城市公交服务水平模糊综合评价模型,并通过实例分析和计算,验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

Field measurements of the evolution of wheel wear and vehicle dynamics for high-speed trains

This investigation demonstrates the wheel wear evolution and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains with an operating distance (OD) of around two million kilometres. A long-term experimental test lasting two years was conducted to record the wheel profiles and structural vibrations of various trainsets. The wheel wear, namely the profile shape, worn distribution and wheelset conicity, is investigated for several continuous reprofiling cycles. Typical results are illustrated for the stability analysis, and the ride quality is examined with increasing OD. In addition, the vibration transition characteristics between suspensions are investigated in both the time and frequency domains. The experiments show that the dominant wear concentrates on the nominal rolling radius, and the wear rate increases with OD because of the surface softening resulting from the loss of wheel material. The vibration of structural components is aggravated by the increase of the equivalent conicity of the wheelset, which rises approximately linearly with the wheel wear and OD. High-frequency vibrations arise in the bogie and car body related to the track arrangement and wheel out-of-roundness, causing the ride comfort to worsen significantly. Additionally, the system vibration characteristics are strongly dependent on the atmospheric temperature. Summaries and conclusions are obtained regarding the wheel wear and related vehicle dynamics of high-speed trains over long operating times and distances.     

给定最大度的极大拉普拉斯谱单圈偶图

通过图的移接变形对拉普拉斯谱半径的影响,研究了给定最大度为Δ2的n阶极大拉普拉斯谱单圈偶图的性质,得到了它的规范拉普拉斯谱向量中绝对值最大的分量对应的顶点的度均等于Δ且这些顶点的位置均在圈上。     

基于车辆平顺性分析的橡胶衬套动态特性建模

橡胶衬套的动态特性与载荷的激振频率、幅值等因素相关,其模型的准确性影响车辆平顺性的仿真精度。建立了包含材料弹性、粘弹性与弹塑性的橡胶衬套动态模型,分别采用多项式、分数导数与Bouc-wen模型描述橡胶衬套的弹性、频率相关性及振幅相关性。通过参数辨识确定衬套模型参数并进行仿真,验证了所建模型的准确性。     

NH_3-SCR钒系催化剂的制备及脱硝性能研究

为了有效控制柴油机NOx排放量,采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同组合含量的钨基催化剂及掺杂不同过渡金属M的改性催化剂M-V2O5-WO3/TiO2(其中M可以是Ni,Zr,Fe,Cu),分别对两类催化剂进行了SCR脱硝活性测试,并进一步用XRD,TEM和NH3-TPD对催化剂进行了表征。研究表明,催化剂掺杂金属Zr时的催化效率较高,在低温(150℃)时也有较高的活性。催化剂活性增加的原因可能是掺杂金属Zr加强了V,W及载体TiO2的分散性,提高氧化还原能力和表面酸性,从而促进SCR性能。     

港口通讯技术应用与发展

秦皇岛港煤炭、矿石等物料的装卸作业现场地域广阔,控制工艺流程复杂,要求严密,设备利用率高.除了单机的性能因素外,生产流程总效率主要决定于生产控制中心与各单机间的通信质量.因此在将近20年的时间里,秦皇岛港曾对通讯系统进行过几次技术升级和改造,从中发掘生产潜力.     

皮带机导料槽密封形式的改进

在黄骅港煤炭输送系统中,每两条皮带机的转接处都设置了导料槽,在导料槽的侧板上装有胶皮与胶带相接触,起到密封防尘作用(见图1).导料槽原设计采用单层侧板及胶皮密封,使用中密封胶皮磨损很快,仅半月左右就需要停机调整间隙或更换胶皮,对生产造成了一定的影响,因此有必要设计一种新的导料槽密封形式,以解决上述问题.