Flow Stress Model of Stainless Steel OCr13Ni5Mo at Elevated Temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade,experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel OCr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab,regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.908 0 and the cosine coefficient is 0.995 8.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

A data model applied to the knowledge-based ICAS

Image-guided computer aided surgery system (ICAS) contributes to safeness and success of surgery operations by means of displaying anatomical structures and showing correlative information to surgeons in the process of operation. Based on analysis of requirements for ICAS, a new concept of clinical knowledge-based ICAS was proposed. Designing a reasonable data structure model is essential for realizing this new concept. The traditional data structure is limited in expressing and reusing the clinical knowledge such as locating an anatomical object, topological relations of anatomical objects and correlative clinical attributes. A data structure model called mixed adjacency lists by octree-path-chain (MALOC) was outlined, which can combine patient's images with clinical knowledge, as well as efficiently locate the instrument and search the objects' information. The efficiency of data structures was analyzed and experimental results were given in comparison to other traditional data structures. The result of the nasal surgery experiment proves that MALOC is a proper model for clinical knowledge-based ICAS that has advantages in not only locating the operative instrument precisely but also proving surgeons with real-time operation-correlative information. It is shown that the clinical knowledge-based ICAS with MALOC model has advantages in terms of safety and success of surgical operations, and help in accurately locating the operative instrument and providing operation-correlative knowledge and information to surgeons in the process of operations.     

英国职业教育特色与启示

文章介绍了中英职业教育合作项目的背景与进展,研究了英国当前的职业教育状况,分析了先进的教育经验．并对合作项目下的汽修课程体系改革作出了规划。     

降钙素基因相关肽与内皮素受体A在兔实验性蛛网膜下腔出血后基底动脉的表达

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管内皮细胞降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及内皮素受体A(ETRA)的表达与迟发性脑血管痉挛(DCVS)之间的关系。方法日本大耳白家兔60只,随机分为SAH模型组25只,盐水组25只,穿刺组5只,正常组5只。采用枕大池二次注血法制作SAH模型,灌注处死后取基底动脉制成切片。进行CGRP及ETRA的免疫组化和HE染色,观察CGRP与ETRA的免疫表达和病理结构变化,并用图像分析方法测量血管周长,使用方差分析进行统计学检验。结果基底动脉周长在SAH后均发生明显缩窄,其中在5d时缩小最强烈。CGRP与ETRA免疫阳性标记颗粒在SAH组的基底动脉组织中均有表达,其动态变化规律为CGRP的表达在1h时最明显,在3、5d依次表达减少,5d达到最低点,7d后开始逐渐升高,10d时表达相对比较明显,但未能达到正常水平,CGRP在穿刺组、正常对照组和盐水组也有散在不规则表达。在正常组、穿刺组和盐水组的基底动脉内ETRA有表达;SAH组基底动脉内ETRA在3d组和5d组表现为高表达,以3d组为强,而其中血管内皮细胞表达最强烈,平滑肌也有表达,10d组的表达仍然较强。结论在SAH后脑血管内皮细胞CGRP和ETRA的表达呈现明显的动态改变,但二者的变化趋势并不同步;CGRP和ETRA在DCVS的发生发展中起重要的作用。     

健胃愈疡颗粒对慢性胃炎伴幽门螺杆菌感染胃黏膜PAF、PS2的表达及对上皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察健胃愈疡颗粒(JWYY)对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎胃黏膜乳癌相关肽(PS2)和血小板活化因子(plate-let activating factor,PAF)表达的变化,并分析其可能的作用机制。方法80例幽门螺杆菌感染慢性胃炎患者随机分为2组,治疗组42例给予健胃愈疡颗粒治疗,对照组38例给予西药三联药物治疗。应用胃镜下活检胃黏膜组织快速尿素酶和Warthin-Starry染色法检测幽门螺杆菌,应用Western blot检测PS2、PAF表达变化。应用末端转移酶介导的dUTP切口末段标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。第4周复查胃镜。结果治疗组凋亡指数明显比对照组减少(P<0.05),治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。Western blot检测显示:JWYY颗粒可上调PS2并下调PAF的表达,而对照组对胃黏膜PS2和PAF的表达影响不大。结论健胃愈疡颗粒治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)相关性胃炎可能与杀灭Hp、上调PS2和下调PAF的表达来抑制细胞凋亡有关。     

脑弥漫性轴索损伤实验装置的研制及动物模型的建立

目的 自制一种脑弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)装置并成功建立DAI动物模型.方法 自制头颅瞬间旋转损伤装置,使大鼠头颅在瞬间(<3ms)旋转90°造成剪切损伤.观察损伤后大鼠的生命体征及行为学改变;于伤后2、6、12、24、36、72h及10d分别处死损伤组动物,制备脑石蜡切片,行镀银及HE染色,光镜下观察神经轴索变化.结果 伤后大鼠均即刻出现原发昏迷,其中2只于损伤后20min内死亡,余持续时间1-30min不等;伤后大鼠呼吸节律紊乱,瞳孔对光反射减弱或消失,醒后均有程度不等的反应性下降,肢体活动迟缓;肉眼可见广泛蛛网膜下腔出血或脑室出血;光镜下可见皮髓交界区、胼胝体区、脑干、小脑白质等部位的神经轴索有不同程度的肿胀、断裂、轴索球形成,后期有小胶质细胞增生,局部呈巢样聚集.结论 本装置能造成大鼠脑DAI,且具有简便、可控、确切的特点,适合进行中、小型动物DAI模型的实验研究.     

5-羟色胺转运体基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀行为的相关性

目的探讨中国汉族人群5-羟色胺转运体启动区(5-HTTLPR)基因多态性和抑郁症的发病、性别、严重程度及自杀是否相关。方法应用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增技术测定150例抑郁症患者和150例正常对照者的5-HT-TLPR基因型和等位基因,分别验证各种基因型与中、重度抑郁症发病、性别及自杀行为的相关性。结果病例组SS、LS基因型及S等位基因频率均高于对照组(26.0% vs.20.0%;52.7% vs.46.0%;52.3% vs.43.0%;P均<0.05);两组性别分层比较,女性S等位基因频率高于对照组(55.3% vs.43.6%,P<0.05);病例组严重程度分层比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组有无自杀行为分层比较,有自杀行为患者SS基因型频率(37.3% vs.20.2%)及S等位基因频率(61.8% vs.47.5%)均高于无自杀行为患者(P<0.05);抑郁自杀组性别分层比较未显示显著性差异(P>0.05);抑郁自杀组病情程度分层比较,重度抑郁自杀者SS基因型频率(42.5% vs.18.2%)及S等位基因频率(68.7% vs.36.4%)均高于中度抑郁自杀者(P<0.05)。结论在中国汉族人群中,5-HTTLPR多态性和抑郁症相关。S等位基因可能是抑郁症的易感基因,特别是女性,SS型可能是抑郁症易感基因型;S等位基因可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险基因,SS基因型人群可能是抑郁症患者自杀的危险人群,特别是携带S等位基因的重度抑郁症患者更易自杀。     

潮流电站载体结构强度直接计算

潮流发电是一种新型的潮汐能利用技术,具有广阔的发展前景。潮流电站载体结构的设计好坏直接关系到潮流电站的安全性和可靠性。针对某潮流电站,建立载体结构有限元模型,参照相关规范要求,对其强度进行计算分析。计算结果表明:各个分析工况下的屈服和屈曲强度校核结果均满足规范要求。文中所得结论对潮流电站载体的设计具有参考意义。     

船舶上层建筑重量重心对其固有频率的影响

在船舶设计、建造过程中及船舶建造完成后,有时上层建筑的固有频率与主机、螺旋桨的激励频率相接近。想要通过一些简单有效的手段对船舶进行修改,使上层建筑的固有频率避开激励源频率以避免共振。本文利用大型通用有限元分析软件Ansys,以某300,000吨级原油船为研究对象,对上层建筑的重量和重心高度如何影响上层建筑的首阶横向、纵向固有频率进行灵敏度分析,以求找到简单有效的、适于工程实际中改变船舶上层建筑固有频率的方法。