Numerical study on active wave devouring propulsion

The possibility of extracting energy from gravity waves for marine propulsion was numerically studied by a two-dimensional oscillating hydrofoil in this study. The commercially available computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT was used for the unstructured grid based on the Reynolds-average Navier?CStokes equation. The free surface waves and motion of the flapping foil were implemented by customizing the FLUENT solver using a user-defined function technique. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing capabilities were fully utilized. The validation of the model was carried out using experimental data for an oscillation hydrofoil under the waves. The results of the simulation were investigated in detail in order to explain the increase of propeller efficiency in gravity waves. Eight design parameters were identified and it was found that some of them greatly affected the performance of wave energy extraction by the active oscillating hydrofoil. Finally, the overall results suggested that when the design parameters are correctly maintained, the present approach can increase the performance of the oscillating hydrofoil by absorbing energy from sea waves.     

The Geometrical Contact between Track and Wheelset

In previous publications the author has described a so-called first-order theory for the motion of a railway vehicle wheelset on a tangent track. In the present report the geometrical aspect of this theory is further evaluated and a method for solving the constraint equations between the coordinates of the wheelset is indicated.     

Analysing Demand for Suburban Trips: A Mixed RP/SP Model with Latent Variables and Interaction Effects

We analyse mode choice behaviour for suburban trips in the Grand Canary island using mixed revealed preference (RP)/stated preference (SP) information. The SP choice experiment allowed for interactions among the main policy variables: travel cost, travel time and frequency, and also to test the influence of latent variables such as comfort. It also led to discuss additional requirements on the size and sign of the estimated model parameters, to assess model quality when interactions are present. The RP survey produced data on actual trip behaviour and was used to adapt the SP choice experiment. During the specification searches we detected the presence of income effect and were able to derive willingness-to-pay measures, such as the subjective value of time, which varied among individuals. We also studied the systematic heterogeneity in individual tastes through the specification of models allowing for interactions between level-of-service and socio-economic variables. We concluded examining the sensitivity of travellers’ behaviour to various policy scenarios. In particular, it seems that contrary to political opinion, in a crowded island policies penalising the use of the private car seem to have a far greater impact in terms of bus patronage than policies implying direct improvements to the public transport service.     

影响地方高等级公路建设质量管理的主要因素及其对策

影响地方高等级公路质量管理的主要因素是建设资金短缺，施工队伍素质差，地方行政干预大，管理制度不落实，不按基本建设程序办事等。采取分期建设，实行公开招标落实施工队伍，主要材料由业主购买并控制耗量，重要构件在专业化工厂定制或由专业化工厂在现场制作安装，砌石砂浆集中拌制等措施，可以控制好地方高等级公路建设质量。     

基于CORBA与RMI／EJB的异构分布对象系统的集成

本文系统地分析了分布式计算模型CORBVA，Java RMI的体系结构及组件模型EJB的现状和发展趋势的基础上，对CORBA与RMI／EJB的集成进行研究，并将其应用于大庆站信息系统的开发。     

低流量下蒸汽发生器倒U型管内流动传热的数值模拟

针对自然循环工况下蒸汽发生器部分倒U型传热管存在倒流现象,利用CFD软件对倒U型传热管内单相水流动传热特性进行研究。通过建立不同管长的倒U型管水动力曲线,分析了管长对倒流的影响,得出长管处易发生倒流的结论;通过对长管重位压降和摩擦压降随雷诺数变化情况进行分析,对倒流现象的出现进行了的理论解释。该文所得结果对倒流管空间分布的研究具有一定的意义。     

中子倍增公式在连续提棒事故瞬态特性模拟中的应用

通过中子倍增公式建立模型,分别计算船用核动力反应堆在低功率和高功率运行时发生连续提棒事故后的各主要参数的变化,并将计算结果与三维实时仿真软件计算结果进行比较。结果表明,计算结果与三维实时仿真软件计算结果比较符合,可为事故的处置提供依据。     

Flexible long range planning using low cost information

Contemporary transport planning requires a flexible modelling approach which can be used to monitor the implementation of a long term plan checking regularly its short term performance with easily available data; the original model is periodically updated using low cost information and this allows the evaluation of the changes to the plan which may be required. Such an approach requires models suited to regular updating and to the use of data from different sources. Models to update trip matrices from traffic counts have been available for some time; however, the estimation and/or updating of other model stages with low cost data has escaped analytical treatment. The paper discusses this idea and formulates the updating problem for an example involving a joint destination/mode choice model under various assumptions about the nature of the available data. Analytical solutions are proposed as well as some general conclusions.requests for offprints     

Challenges and Prospects of Fisheries Co-Management under a Marine Extractive Reserve Framework in Northeastern Brazil

In Brazil, Marine Extractive Reserves—MERs (Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas) represent the most significant government-supported effort to protect the common property resources upon which traditional small-scale fishers depend. From an initial small-scale experience in 1992, MERs have expanded countrywide, now encompassing 30 units (9,700 km²) and nearly 60,000 fishers. Despite such escalating interest in the model, there is little research on the effectiveness of MERs. In this article, we discuss relevant parts of the history and examine the current situation of the fisheries co-management initiative in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau, which was created in 2000 as the first MER to encompass coral reefs and reef fisheries. We describe the Extractive Reserve co-management arrangement and its main policy and legislative challenges. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the use of MERs as management frameworks for traditional small-scale fisheries in Brazil.     

爆炸消除焊接残余应力的数值模拟

焊接残余应力及其控制技术是重大工程结构物(例如反应堆、潜艇等)建造中关注的核心问题之一。爆炸法消除残余应力是近年来发展起来的高效、低成本的1种新技术,但对其机理的研究仍然相当缺乏。本文利用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对爆炸消除焊接残余应力技术进行了数值模拟,同时考察了焊缝中夹杂的裂纹缺陷对爆炸载荷的响应。研究对象为70 mm厚的超厚钢板对接焊缝,焊接坡口为X型。本文主要完成了以下2项研究工作。1)将盲孔法测得的焊接残余应力分布预置到模型中,计算了爆炸载荷作用下不同布药方式时焊接残余应力的再分布,并将其与对应的实测结果进行比较。研究结果表明,金属材料的塑性流动是爆炸消除焊接残余应力的根本因素。2)在模型的焊缝区引入面状裂纹来表征焊缝中的凝固裂纹,利用ABAQUS用户自定义子程序开发的基于虚拟裂纹闭合法的三维断裂单元,计算能量释放率对爆炸载荷的响应。研究结果表明,爆炸载荷并不一定会导致裂纹的扩展。因此,本文的研究方法和结果对于爆炸消除焊接残余应力在工程应用领域具有指导意义。