钢丝绳聚氨酯水泥复合材料加固损伤空心板梁试验研究

为研究钢丝绳聚氨酯水泥复合材料加固损伤空心板梁的力学性能,进行加固条件下损伤空心板梁抗弯性能模型试验,分析板梁挠度、裂缝宽度和承载能力变化规律,研究复合材料加固损伤空心板梁的破坏机理。试验结果表明:采用钢丝绳聚氨酯水泥复合材料加固经过预压的损伤空心板梁,其破坏过程分为钢丝绳断裂、复合材料开裂和整体结构受弯破坏3个阶段,属于适筋梁破坏;此板梁的实测屈服荷载和极限承载力比未加固空心板梁分别提高28.60%、40.00%,相同荷载作用下的挠度降低22.81%,最大裂缝的宽度减小52.73%,梁体延性提高57.14%,梁体的屈服阶段延长,空心板梁的安全性提高。采用钢丝绳聚氨酯水泥复合材料加固损伤空心板梁可显著改善梁体的整体承载性能,提高安全性。     

The Added Value of Accounting For Users’ Flexibility and Information on the Potential of a Station-Based One-Way Car-Sharing System: An Application in Lisbon,Portugal

Car-sharing systems are an alternative to private transportation whereby a person may use an automobile without having to own the vehicle. The classical systems in Europe are organized in stations scattered around the city where a person may pick up a vehicle and afterward return it to the same station (round trip). Allowing a person to drop off the vehicle at any station, called one-way system, poses a significant logistics problem because it creates a significant stock imbalance at the stations, which means that there will be times when users will not have a vehicle available for their trip. Previous mathematical programming formulations have tried to overcome this limitation by optimizing trip selection and station location in a city in order to capture the best trips for balancing the system. But there was one main limitation: The users were assumed to be inflexible with respect to their choice of a station, and held to use only the one closest to their origin and destination. If the user is willing to use the second or even the third closest station the user could benefit from using real-time information on vehicle stocks at each station and be able to select the one with available capacity. In this article we extend a previous model for trip selection and station location that takes that aspect into account by considering more vehicle pick-up and drop-off station options and then apply it to a trip origin–destination matrix from the Lisbon region in Portugal. Through the extended formulation we were able to conclude that user flexibility allied with having information on vehicle stocks increases the profit of the company, as people will go directly to a station with a vehicle available, thus making the use of the fleet more efficient. Observing the size of the stations resulting from the model, we also concluded that the effect of information is enhanced by large car-sharing systems consisting of many small stations.     

几种肝脏食品中部分有害物质含量分析

为了解动物肝脏食品的卫生质量，保障广大消费者的利益和健康，对南宁市10个主要农贸市场中销售的猪肝、牛肝、鸡肝及鸭肝共37份样品进行了黄曲霉毒素Bl及有害元素铅、汞、镉、砷的检测。结果表明：4种肝脏食品中黄曲霉毒素Bl均未检出，有害元素汞、砷的含量也符合相应的国家卫生标准，但镉与铅含量较高，其均值分别为0．149及0．703mg/kg，超出了我国的食品卫生标准，其中主要是鸭肝和猪肝受污染严重，而牛肝的卫生质量相对较好。提示目前在动物肝脏食品中存在着一定的有害元素镉、铅的污染，应引起有关管理部门的注意。     

关于优化西张支线行车组织办法的调查和思考

为了提高站段自主管理能力、充分发挥“大站带小站”的优势,实现生产力布局调整提高运输效益的目的,根据生产力布局调整后出现的新情况、路局调研课题要求和车站提高运输组织的需要,结合西张支线的现状、特点,现对西张支线行车组织办法做如下调查和思考。     

论宪法的控权本质

现代法治最本质的精神和特点就是控权。在现代法治国家，法治的控权功能首先由宪法确立并由宪法所保障。并成为宪法的核心内容。没有控权就没有宪法，没有宪法也没有控权。宪法的控权本质是宪法作为根本法的前提和依据。宪法作为根本法就因为它是控权法。反之，宪法如果没有控权功能，就会失去根本法的地位。宪法的控权本质在中国长期不受重视。中国宪法学界的“多重本质论”在很大程度上削弱了宪法的控权本质，从而影响了中国宪法的实施。中国的宪政建设不仅面临宪法观念的突破，而且面临控权制度的建设。     

预应力锚索抗滑桩的动态设计法

提出了预应力锚索抗滑桩的动态设计概念，即跟踪锚索桩的实际工作状况，分析桩和锚索在各种受荷条件下的内力，再进行优化组合，以其中的最大内力为依据进行桩结构设计和锚索承载力设计，对锚索预应力值的确定问题进行了探讨，算例分析表明，本文中的设计方法能反映桩的最危险状态，使锚索和桩留有合理的安全储备。对锚索桩长期正常工作有利。     

Travel mode choice and travel satisfaction: bridging the gap between decision utility and experienced utility

Over the past decades research on travel mode choice has evolved from work that is informed by utility theory, examining the effects of objective determinants, to studies incorporating more subjective variables such as habits and attitudes. Recently, the way people perceive their travel has been analyzed with transportation-oriented scales of subjective well-being, and particularly the satisfaction with travel scale. However, studies analyzing the link between travel mode choice (i.e., decision utility) and travel satisfaction (i.e., experienced utility) are limited. In this paper we will focus on the relation between mode choice and travel satisfaction for leisure trips (with travel-related attitudes and the built environment as explanatory variables) of study participants in urban and suburban neighborhoods in the city of Ghent, Belgium. It is shown that the built environment and travel-related attitudes—both important explanatory variables of travel mode choice—and mode choice itself affect travel satisfaction. Public transit users perceive their travel most negatively, while active travel results in the highest levels of travel satisfaction. Surprisingly, suburban dwellers perceive their travel more positively than urban dwellers, for all travel modes.     

Towards an ‘inland terminal centred’ value proposition

The two main value propositions in international container transport are ‘port-to-port’ services and ‘door-to-door’ services. In port-to-port services, buyers ‘just’ purchase maritime transport from a shipping line. Door-to-door services comprise the total transport chain and include land-based transport. Carriers as well as forwarders offer these door-to-door services. In this paper we provide a qualitative assessment of an emerging third value proposition that is centred around inland terminals (ILTs). Such a value proposition consists of transport up to the ILT, and may have advantages over port-to-port services, such as better leverage of scale economies, better repositioning of empty containers and better alignment with the business model of forwarders. This paper conceptually and empirically explores such a value proposition.     

Entry barriers in seaports

The different types of entry barrier in seaports are analysed and the policies and practices to reduce them are discussed in this paper. In most seaports, economic, regulatory, and geographical entry barriers are substantial and increasing in complexity as ports become embedded in supply chains and multilayered networks with multiple entry-levels. Various entry barriers in seaports are identified through an overview of the relevant literature and their presence is confirmed by empirical data describing them. The case is then made for lowering these barriers. This would be desirable from an economic point of view, since lower barriers strengthen the contestability of markets and increase the level of intra-port competition. The latter might yield substantial benefits, such as fostering specialization and preventing the abuse of market power. Finally, low entry barriers would facilitate the faster implementation of new technologies and business models. In the third part of the analysis, policies and practices designed to reduce entry barriers are examined. The implications are discussed of current national and supranational (EU) policy initiatives aimed to liberalize service provision in seaports. Other (de)regulatory policies that could contribute to the reduction of entry barriers are analysed.     

Book Review: Airline Marketing and Management

Abstract

Public transport policy in the Madrid Metropolitan Area is often deemed as a success. In 1985, an important reform was carried out in order to create a new administrative authority to coordinate all public transport modes and establish a single fare for all of them. This reform prompted a huge growth in public transport usage, even though it reduced the funding coverage ratio of the transport system. Since then, Madrid’s public transport system has been undergoing an increasing level of subsidization, which might jeopardize the financial viability of the city public transport system in the future. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of the evolution of the public transport funding policy in Madrid in recent years. We found that the increasing level of subsidy can hardly be explained on the basis of equity issues. Moreover, we claim that there is still room for a funding policy that makes the efficiency of the system compatible with its financial sustainability.