The relationship between transportation vulnerability,school attendance,and free transportation to an afterschool program for youth

Transportation - Transportation vulnerability, defined as lack of access to transportation resulting in financial, social, or health consequences, reduces quality of life. While research has...     

提高土压平衡盾构掘进效率研究

为了在确保工程质量及施工安全的同时,进一步提高盾构掘进施工效率,获取更大的经济效益,根据土压平衡盾构施工特点,从盾构掘进的施工工序进行综合研究,以石家庄地铁1号线一期工程和平医院站-烈士陵园站区间施工为例,确定了影响盾构掘进效率的主要因素,并对掘进影响因素进行分析总结。得出了： 1)盾构掘进时间、管片拼装时间工序较为单一,主要和地质情况和作业人员熟练程度有关; 2)管片吊运下井时间、渣土吊运出井时间、其他外部原因对现场施工的影响等会受施工场地布置影响,在盾构施工前应进行合理的施工场地布置; 3)对盾构、后配套设备维修保养及易损件更换时间、盾构施工测量及移站影响时间的优化,能进一步提升施工效率。     

Sensitivity study on durability variables of marine concrete structures

In order to study the influence of parameters on durability of marine concrete structures, the parameter’s sensitivity analysis was studied in this paper. With the Fick’s 2nd law of diffusion and the deterministic sensitivity analysis method (DSA), the sensitivity factors of apparent surface chloride content, apparent chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that the impact of design variables on concrete durability was different. The values of sensitivity factor of chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor were higher than others. Relative less error in chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation coefficient induces a bigger error in concrete durability design and life prediction. According to probability sensitivity analysis (PSA), the influence of mean value and variance of concrete durability design variables on the durability failure probability was studied. The results of the study provide quantitative measures of the importance of concrete durability design and life prediction variables. It was concluded that the chloride diffusion coefficient and its time dependent attenuation factor have more influence on the reliability of marine concrete structural durability. In durability design and life prediction of marine concrete structures, it was very important to reduce the measure and statistic error of durability design variables.     

A Review of Beach Bye-Law Usage in Supporting Coastal Management in Ireland

Coastal areas are commonly the focus of a range of human activities and uses. Beaches are one example of multi-use coastal environments, accommodating activities linked to leisure and recreation, amenity, conservation and business, often simultaneously. Ireland is no different in this regard, as its beach resources provide a range of goods and services of societal value. Ireland has 16 coastal counties and their associated local authorities have a beach management remit, a role that can present a number of challenges. The use of beach bye-laws is one option to support management of beach environments by local authorities. Local authority personnel tasked with beach management from each coastal local authority were surveyed to assess the actual and potential role of beach bye-laws in contributing to more effective management of beach environments and to broader coastal management. Usage of beach bye-laws varied across local authority areas and evidence suggested that the efficacy, use, and implementation of beach bye-laws differed from county to county. Beach bye-laws offer potential but interaction with other initiatives as part of a wider program for coastal management may yield improved results.     

Comparing Fisher Interviews,Logbooks, and Catch Landings Estimates of Extraction Rates in a Small-Scale Fishery

Researchers are turning to alternative data sources (e.g., resource user knowledge) to provide information required for wildlife management. Little is known about the reliability of data elicited from resource users relative to data obtained from user-independent approaches (e.g., observations of fish catches). We test for consensus among three methods that quantify past (1996 to 2007) seahorse catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for a small-scale, data-poor fishery in the Philippines: interviews with fishers about good, bad, and typical catch; fisher logbooks; and observations of catch landings. Interviews and logbooks indicated no trends in CPUE through time, consistent with results from the fisher-independent metric, catch landings. Although interview estimates of “typical” CPUE greatly exceeded “typical” observed catches and logbook estimates, interview estimates of “bad” CPUE were comparable. Catch landings estimates for a fisher in a particular year were uncorrelated to what he reported during retrospective interviews. Interviews should be used cautiously to inform specific catch targets (e.g., total allowable catches), although including interview questions about a range of catch experiences (e.g., good, bad and typical), may improve interview-derived data. Logbooks are particularly useful for capturing information about fishing expeditions that produce no fish, which are largely missed by other methods.     

双曲抛物面薄壳屋盖的制作与设计

为了方便双曲抛物面薄壳屋盖的制作,采用数学建模的方法对双曲抛物面薄壳屋盖进行理论计算,得到了直母线钢筋数以及直母线钢筋在空间的位置、锚固面方程以及与直母线交点、直母线之间的交点和直母线与锚固面的法线之间夹角的数学表达式。利用Matlab软件经过实例计算验证了其有效性,为今后双曲薄壳屋盖的制作提供了理论依据。     

Heterogeneity assumptions in the specification of bargaining models: a study of household level trade-offs between commuting time and salary

With many real world decisions being made in conjunction with other decision makers, or single agent decisions having an influence on other members of the decision maker’s immediate entourage, there is strong interest in studying the relative weight assigned to different agents in such contexts. In the present paper, we focus on the case of one member of a two person household being asked to make choices affecting the travel time and salary of both members. We highlight the presence of significant heterogeneity across individuals not just in their underlying sensitivities, but also in the relative weight they assign to their partner, and show how this weight varies across attributes. This is in contrast to existing work which uses weights assigned to individual agents at the level of the overall utility rather than for individual attributes. We also show clear evidence of a risk of confounding between heterogeneity in marginal sensitivities and heterogeneity in the weights assigned to each member. We show how this can lead to misleading model results, and argue that this may also explain past results showing bargaining or weight parameters outside the usual [0,1] range in more traditional joint decision making contexts. In terms of substantive results, we find that male respondents place more weight on their partner’s travel time, while female respondents place more weight on their partner’s salary.     

天津地铁盾构隧道四线交汇掘进数值分析

为解决多条近接隧道施工时后行隧道开挖对先行隧道结构造成的不利影响,以天津地铁5、6号线四线交汇隧道为研究对象,选取典型复杂断面,采用数值软件FLAC3D,模拟富水地层中四线交汇隧道开挖时隧道结构之间的相互影响规律。结果表明： 该复杂断面处,后行隧道施工使先行隧道整体位移具有偏向开挖隧道移动的牵引趋势,且先行下部隧道竖向整体位移较横向整体位移变化更为显著。在渗流作用下,先行下部隧道施工产生的地表沉降量及沉降范围相比后行上部隧道较大,验证了富水地层中渗流作用对土体变形影响程度及范围均远大于开挖应力释放的影响。     

船用长轴类大锻件锻造工艺方法研究

为提高长轴类大锻件拔长工艺的效率、降低成本、节约能耗、改善锻件成形质量,根据某船用长轴类大锻件的实际尺寸,结合企业实际锻造及加热设备情况制定了锻造工艺,并基于有限元数值模拟软件DEFORM-3D研究了锻造工艺方法,针对固定上砧宽度而选择宽度相同或宽度更大的下砧,分析了锻件表面温度场、截面应力分布以及锻造力、拔长效率的情况。结果表明,采用等宽(330mm)的上下砧时,锻造效率、温度场分布均优于其它情况,所需的锻造力也较小,有利于实现长轴类大锻件的锻造成形。     

船舶轴转速报警故障判断及分析

船舶右主机控制系统PCP面板显示轴转速故障报警,而机旁和远程控制系统转速显示仪表指示正常.针对这一现象,文章分析了该船控制系统轴转速信号测量和报警电路原理,逐步排查故障原因,最终成功修复.