排序方式: 共有1872条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
531.
Most transportation research in the United States uses cross-sectional, “snapshot” data to understand levels of car access. Might this cross-sectional approach mask considerable variation over time and within households? We use a panel dataset, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), for the years 1999–2011 to test this question. We find that for most families, being “carless” is a temporary condition. While 13 % of families in the US are carless in any given year, only 5 % of families are carless for all seven waves of data we examine in the PSID. We also find that poor families, immigrants, and people of color (particularly, blacks) are considerably more likely to transition into and out car ownership frequently and are less likely to have a car in any survey year than are non-poor families, the US-born, and whites. 相似文献
532.
Car use in urban areas carries well known risks for negative effects on urban quality of life, the environment and land use. Previous psychological work has mainly studied the habit of using a car as a predictor variable, whereas only a few studies have focused on psychological factors that may underlie and shape the habit. The aim of the present study is to examine demographic characteristics, spatial variables and social–psychological factors associated with car habit use strength. The results are based on a survey conducted in a random urban population-based sample with car access recruited from the Norwegian population registry (n = 878). Car use habit strength was stronger among male than female respondents and tended to be weak with a lower income. Multivariate logistic regression showed that reporting pro-environmental attitudes and personal norms predicted a weak car use habit strength, while reporting strong priority of flexibility and a long distance from home to work predicted a strong car use habit strength. Car use habit is influenced by multiple demographic, spatial and social–psychological factors, which should be carefully addressed in interventions aimed at reducing the likelihood of developing a strong car habit strength. 相似文献
533.
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been identified as an effective and clean alternative choice for marine power system. This
paper emphasizes on the dynamic modeling of SOFC power system and its performance based upon marine operating circumstance.
A SOFC power system model has been provided considering thermodynamic and electrochemical reaction mechanism. Subcomponents
of lithium ion battery, power conditioning unit, stack structure and controller are integrated in the model. The dynamic response
of the system is identified according to the inertia of its subcomponent and controller. Validation of the whole system simulation
at steady state and transit period are presented, concerning the effects of thermo inertia, control strategy and seagoing
environment. The simulation results show reasonable accuracy compare with lab test. The models can be used to predict performance
of a SOFC power system and identify the system response when part of the component parameter is adjusted. 相似文献
534.
Detection of weak underwater signals is an area of general interest in marine engineering. A weak signal detection scheme
was developed; it combined nonlinear dynamical reconstruction techniques, radial basis function (RBF) neural networks and
an extended Kalman filter (EKF). In this method chaos theory was used to model background noise. Noise was predicted by phase
space reconstruction techniques and RBF neural networks in a synergistic manner. In the absence of a signal, prediction error
stayed low and became relatively large when the input contained a signal. EKF was used to improve the convergence rate of
the RBF neural network. Application of the scheme to different experimental data sets showed that the algorithm can detect
signals hidden in strong noise even when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less than −40d B. 相似文献
535.
It can be beneficial to reduce vibrations in shipboard piping, so the authors designed a new kind of piping damper with a
plunger-type accumulator. Special requirements for the piping damper included low impact displacement, low speed, as well
as an appropriate locking speed. Inside the damper, a plunger-type accumulator was installed and on the outside of the piston
rod, a tube with exposed corrugations was added. Between the piston and the cylinder, a clearance seal was added. Using mathematical
modeling, the effects of the dynamic performance of the damper’s impact displacement on vibrations were observed. Changes
to the clearance between the piston and the cylinder, the stiffness of the spring in the accumulator, the throttle valve size,
and locking speed resistance of the damper were respectively simulated and studied. Based on the results of the simulation,
dampers with optimal parameters were developed and tested with different accumulator spring stiffnesses and different throttles.
The simulation and experimental results showed that parameters such as seal clearance between piston and cylinder, accumulator
spring stiffness and throttle parameters have significant effects on the damper’s impact displacement, low speed resistance
and locking speed. 相似文献
536.
Line heating process is a very complex phenomenon as a variety of factors affects the amount of residual deformations. Numerical
thermal and mechanical analysis of line heating for prediction of residual deformation is time consuming. In the present work
dimensional analysis has been presented to obtain a new relationship between input parameters and resulting residual deformations
during line heating process. The temperature distribution and residual deformations for 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm thick
steel plates were numerically estimated and compared with experimental and published results. Extensive data generated through
a validated FE model were used to find co-relationship between the input parameters and the resulting residual deformation
by multiple regression analysis. The results obtained from the deformation equations developed in this work compared well
with those of the FE analysis with a drop in the computation time in the order of 100 (computational time required for FE
analysis is around 7 200 second to 9 000 seconds and where the time required for getting the residual deformation by developed
equations is only 60 to 90 seconds). 相似文献
537.
浅底远程海底混响(英文) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
杨士莪 《船舶与海洋工程学报》2010,9(1):22-26
The method of coupled mode is introduced for investigation of bi-static distant bottom reverberation of impulsive source in
shallow water, which will not contradict with principle of reciprocity in all cases. And the method of multi-pole for directional
source is also introduced. It shows that in case of layered medium, intensity of bi-static bottom reverberation will decease
according to the cubic power of receiving time t, and the transverse spatial correlation of bottom reverberation is a little greater than longitudinal correlation for equal
separation of receivers, and both vary in form with the receiving time. 相似文献
538.
In the Pearl River Delta (PRD), there is severe competition between container ports, particularly those in Hong Kong, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, for collecting international maritime container cargo. In addition, the second phase of the Nansha terminal in Guangzhou’s port and the first phase of the Da Chang Bay container terminal in Shenzhen opened last year. Under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to quantitatively measure the impact these infrastructure investments have on regional cargo flows. The analysis should include the effects of container terminal construction, berth deepening, and access road construction. The authors have been developing a model for international cargo simulation (MICS) which can simulate the movement of cargo. The volume of origin-destination (OD) container cargo in the East Asian region was used as an input, in order to evaluate the effects of international freight transportation policies. This paper focuses on the PRD area and, by incorporating a more detailed network, evaluates the impact of several infrastructure investment projects on freight movement. 相似文献
539.
一种基于CFD的水动力系数计算新方法(英文) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Applications of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to the maritime industry continue to grow with the increasing development
of computers. Numerical approaches have evolved to a level of accuracy which allows them to be applied for hydrodynamic computations
in industry areas. Hydrodynamic tests, especially planar-motion-mechanism (PMM) tests are simulated by CFD software -FLUENT,
and all of the corresponding hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained, which satisfy the need of establishing the simulation
system to evaluate maneuverability of vehicles during the autonomous underwater vehicle scheme design stage. The established
simulation system performed well in tests. 相似文献
540.
船舶在规则纵浪中的混沌运动 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Parametric resonance can lead to dangerously large rolling motions, endangering the ship, cargo and crew. The QR-factorization method for calculating (LCEs) Lyapunov Characteristic Exponents was introduced; parametric resonance stability
of ships in longitudinal waves was then analyzed using LCEs. Then the safe and unsafe regions of target ships were then identified.
The results showed that this method can be used to analyze ship stability and to accurately identify safe and unsafe operating
conditions for a ship in longitudinal waves. 相似文献