Assessment of factors associated with travel time reliability and prediction: an empirical analysis using probabilistic reasoning approach

Significant efforts have been made in modeling a travel time distribution and establishing measures of travel time reliability (TTR). However, the literature on evaluating the factors affecting TTR is not well established. Accordingly, this paper presents an empirical analysis to determine potential factors that are associated with TTR. This study mainly applies the Bayesian Networks model to assess the probabilistic association between road geometry, traffic data, and TTR. The results from this model reveal that land use characteristics, intersection factors, and posted speed limits are directly associated with TTR. Evaluating the strength of the association between TTR and the directly related variables, the log odds ratio analysis indicates that the land use factor has the highest impact (0.83) followed by the intersection factor (0.57). The findings from this study can provide valuable resources to planners and traffic operators in their decision-making to improve TTR with quantitative evidence.     

轿车乘坐方式探讨

分析研究了轿车内室空间布局,提出轿车内室有2种乘坐方式的设计构想,既能达到普通乘坐方式舒适的要求,又能在乘员需要方便交流的情况下,有一个更合适的乘坐方式。     

CWELD焊点类型有限元结构刚度分析

针对在白车身等复杂的焊接结构进行有限元分析过程中,不同焊点的模拟方法对结构的弯曲刚度和扭转刚度影响较大的问题,文章对CWELD焊点进行研究,以RBE2刚性单元为参照,得出CWELD焊点对弯曲和扭转刚度的影响,为焊点的有限元建模方法积累经验。     

体外预应力技术在牛首山河大桥加固中的应用

体外预应力技术是加固既有钢筋混凝土桥梁结构最有效的方法之一,本文结合南京机场高速牛首山河大桥体外预应力加固工程实例,介绍了这一技术的设计原则、施工工艺及其效果评价、检验方法等。     

CFD Analysis of Ship-to-Ship Hydrodynamic Interaction

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

Relationship between well-being and daily time use of elderly: evidence from the disabilities and use of time survey

According to US Census Bureau, the number of individuals in the age group above 65 years is expected to increase by more than 100% from the year 2000 to 2030. It is anticipated that increasing elderly population will put unforeseen demands on the transportation infrastructure due to the atypical mobility and travel needs of the elderly. Consequently, transportation professionals have attempted to understand the travel behavior of the elderly including the trip frequency, trip distance and mode choice decisions. Majority of the research on elderly travel behavior have focused on the mobility outcomes with limited research into understanding the tradeoffs made by this population segment in terms of their in-home and out-of-home activity engagement choices. The goal of the current research is to contribute to this line of inquiry by simultaneously exploring the daily activity engagement choices of the elderly Americans including their in-home and out-of-home activity participation (what activities to pursue) and time alloocation (duration of each activity) decisions while accounting for the temporal constraints. Further, the study attempts to explore the relationship between physical and subjective well-being and daily activity engagement decisions of the elderly; where subjective well-being is derived from reported needs satisfaction with life and different domains of it. To this end, data from the Disabilities and Use of Time survey of Panel Study of Income Dynamics was used to estimate a panel version of MDCEV model. In addition to person- and household-level demographic variables, activity participation and time use choices of elderly were found to vary across different levels of reported physical and subjective well-being measures. The model estimation results were plausible and provide interesting insights into the activity engagement choices of the elderly with implications for transportation policy development. Among other socio-demographic variables, living arrangements (living with family versus in elderly homes) were found to have significant influence on how people participate into different in-home versus out-of-home activities. For example, elderly living in the elderly home were found to participate more into out-of-home activities compared to people living with families. Elderly with disabilities were found to compensate lower participation into out-of-home activities with more participation into in-home activities. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in time engagement behavior of the elderly across reported levels of satisfaction with finance, job and cognitive needs. For example, elderly expressing high satisfaction with job was found to spend less time in in-home social activities. Elderly reporting higher satisfaction with finance were found to spend more time into OH social and shopping activities.     

桩-土-承台相互作用的有限元简化模型

针对低桩承台结构计算中往往只考虑桩土作用,忽视承台与土相互作用的问题,通过工程实例,建立考虑桩-土-承台相互作用的低桩承台有限元简化模型,分析桩间土的承载作用对承台和桩内力的影响。结果表明:在简化模型中考虑桩间土的承载作用后,承台弯矩和桩基轴力可减少35%～40%;桩身弯矩和剪力主要受水平力和土体m值影响;桩基轴力随地基土基床系数的增大而逐渐减小,但减幅逐渐趋缓。     

半主动浮筏隔振系统的模糊PID控制

对带有电流变液智能阻尼器的半主动双层浮筏隔振系统设计了一种模糊PID控制器.将半主动浮筏隔振系统中间质量的位移及其导数作为模糊控制器的输入,PID控制器的三个增益参数作为其输出,利用电流变液智能阻尼器的阻尼力可随电压变化的特性来降低中间质量的振动.仿真分析了多种激励下浮筏隔振系统的输出力响应.仿真结果表明:与最优被动阻尼和电流变液阻尼器最大阻尼系统相比,模糊PID控制下的半主动浮筏隔振系统的减振效果最好.     

基于新型磁链观测器的无速度传感器感应电机控制技术研究

提出一种由补偿式的二阶带通滤波器电压磁链观测模型,基于该补偿电压模型,构成新的磁链估计器.为了解决磁链观测器多平衡状态的问题,提出以提高磁链估计精度的方法、对不同类型感应电动机磁通观测器的控制技术进行研究.对传统的模型参考自适应速度估计方法进行改进,基于补偿式二阶带通滤波器电压磁链观测模式作为参考模型,速度估计的精度提高.同时对基于新型磁链观测器的无速度传感器感应电机控制技术进行研究,然后通过仿真验证.     

Evaluating air emission inventories and indicators from cruise vessels at ports

This paper provides an estimation of air emissions (CO₂, NO_X, SO_X and PM) released by cruise vessels at the port level. The methodology is based on the “full bottom-up” approach and starts by evaluating the fuel consumed by each vessel on the basis of its individual port activities (manoeuvring, berthing and hoteling). The Port of Barcelona was selected as the site at which to perform the analysis, in which 125 calls of 30 cruise vessels were monitored. Real-time data from the automatic identification system (AIS), factor emissions from engine certificates and vessel characteristics from IHS Sea-web database were also collected for the analysis. The research findings show that the most appropriate indicators are inventory emissions per “port-time gross tonnage”, “port-time passenger” and “port time”. These emission indicators improve our understanding of cruise emissions and will facilitate the work that aims to estimate reliably and quickly the in-port ship emission inventories of cruise ports.