用于焊接机器人的侧架支撑座夹具

论述了用于焊接机器人的侧架支撑座夹具的结构和设计特点。     

称重台计算机数据采集系统软件的升级及功能强化与完善

青年基金项目《称重台计算机数据采集系统软件的升级及功能强化与完善》如期完成，本文将原有软件的部分不足和新软件的改进以及增加的功能作一个比较。     

高精度GPS工程控制网天线高问题

介绍GPS接收机天线的基本结构和天线高的量取方法,从基线向量、闭合差、大地高、点位坐标等方面,阐述了天线高误差对平差计算造成的影响,说明在高精度GPS测量中要重视天线高问题,并探讨了天线高粗差探测的方法。     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.     

Long-term changes of inorganic nutrients in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy)

The paper aims at investigating the trends of the concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorous in the Lagoon of Venice, Italy, in the last 35 years. The trend analysis of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and reactive phosphorus (RP) yielded rather different results. The decrease in ammonia nitrogen concentration, in particular, in the basin influenced by severe industrial discharges, is accurately described by a negative exponential model. The nitrate concentration did not show significant interannual trends, while wide seasonal variations have been detected. Reactive phosphorus concentration increased until the end of the 1970s at the stations close to the industrial area as well as in those influenced by river discharges and by sewages of the city of Venice. The sudden decrease that followed was most likely related with environmental policies, namely the improvement of wastewater purification treatments and the regulation of phosphorus use in detergents.     

深圳地铁单程票流失算法研究

根据深圳地铁单程票流通特点,将运营中的单程票流失划分成两大类,并依据其在流通中的业务类型,通过卡信息记录集来确定流失种类。应用数据库知识和数据挖掘技术,提出这两类单程票流失的算法。     

长洲枢纽下游河床下切水位下降原因分析

近年来,长洲枢纽下游航道水位实测值呈现下降趋势,与原航道水位设计值不符。通过收集该河道的水文资料对河床演变原因进行分析。结果表明:上游来水来沙对枢纽下游河床的影响、下游河道过度采砂、河流梯级开发及水利枢纽建设以及航道整治建筑物的修建等是导致长洲枢纽下游河床下切水位下降的原因。结合该处具体情况,提出控制枢纽下游河道过度采砂、采用限制性整治措施以及加强河道断面检测的改善措施,为确保长洲枢纽下游航道的正常通航提供技术支撑。     

长江南京以下12.5m深水航道二期工程安全应急方案研究

安全应急预案对于提高安全事故中的救援能力、减少安全事故带来的损失具有重要的意义。以南京以下12.5m深水航道二期工程为背景,对拟定的安全应急预案进行分析研究,总结出安全应急预案体系包括综合安全应急预案、专项应急预案和现场处置方案,提炼各层次预案对应的事件类型和具体内容,并编制首接责任制下的应急组织机构和应急流程。