麦哲伦海峡介绍及航法

麦哲伦海峡地处南美大陆南端,连接大西洋和太平洋,是南美大陆东西海岸间的重要海上通道。船舶航经麦哲伦海峡与绕行合恩角相比,不仅距离缩短近270n mile,而且合恩角全年风浪较大,冬季常有流冰存在,对于小型船舶和空载船舶航行比较困难,从经济性和安全性上考虑,航经麦哲伦海峡无疑是比较好的选择。     

VHDL电路优化设计及方法

随着集成电路技术和EDA技术的不断发展，VHDL已经成为IEEE标准化的硬件描述语言。分析VHDL语言设计的优点并对设计中的简化电路结构、优化电路设计等问题进行了研究，从设计思想、语句运用以及描述方法等多方面对电路进行优化设计。通过电路优化设计，可以使用规模更小的可编程逻辑芯片，从而降低系统成本。     

浅谈现代企事业单位的设备管理

设备管理在企事业单位中往往不被重视，制约了单位自身的发展，影响了经济效益。介绍了设备管理在企事业管理中的重要性、管理观念以及模式等，并对设备在管理、使用和维护过程中的一些有效方法进行了探讨，提出了改进措施，促使设备管理向更好的方向发展。     

公路改河工程及相应的防冲刷研究

河流改道是对河道进行裁弯取直使河道变直变短,进而加大河床的坡降,河水流速加大.河水流速加大就会产生河床的冲刷,导致河床降低,沿河路堤墙、护岸墙等墙体基础被淘空,导致墙体倒塌.此外,公路建设中,也还存在拦砂坝的下游冲刷、拦砂坝与岸坡的交接及护岸工程与天然河岸的交接处的冲刷、旱桥下的冲刷等问题.针对这些问题研究了应采取的措施.     

铜汤公路工程对沿线珍稀濒危野生动物的影响及对策

根据对铜陵至汤口公路评价区野外调查的结果,综合相关历史资料,以黑麂为“代理种”(surrogate species),分析拟建项目对珍稀濒危野生动物的影响程度。结果表明:①铜汤公路K151-K160段和K173 500至终点段处于黑麂的一般活动区,但铜汤公路全线均位于海拔400 m以下,不直接侵占黑麂的栖息地和主要觅食区;②公路施工期初期,受爆破噪音的影响,黑麂等珍稀濒危野生动物可能会远离公路沿线区域,爆破作业结束后的施工期和运营期,噪声对黑麂的影响范围为公路中心线两侧200 m以内区域;③铜汤公路在大部分路段均不会对公路两侧珍稀濒危野生动物的通行造成明显影响,也不会使种群异质化程度加剧,但在K173 500至终点段,由于105国道和本项目的共同影响,附近区域的黑麂种群将形成异质种群。针对上述影响,对铜汤公路动物通道设置、林区施工管理、局部绿化方案、施工人员教育和管理以及野生动物保护应急能力建设等提出了针对性的缓解措施。     

Reliable container line supply chains

Container line supply chains, based on a near-frictionless international transport belief, have contributed to economic prosperity and also rendered themselves uniquely vulnerable to various risks. 9/11 terrorists attacks, the lock-out of American West Ports and the global breakout of SARS disease have gradually shown that a) the safety and reliability in the chains are facing an unprecedented challenge and b) traditional engineeringbased risk assessment methods are inadequate to deal with the threats from variational environments, especially in the era of terrorism rampancy. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to develop a conceptual risk assessment model for container line supply chains based on a modified Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) methodology that takes risks from vulnerability rather than only hazards into account. It gives particular emphasis on the analysis of the threats with a high level of uncertainty from both safety and economic viewpoints. The advantages of the vulnerability-based risk analysis approach to the hazard-based one are clarified and both engineering-based and managerial risk assessments are also discussed.     

依靠科技在地质复杂的艰险山区建成南昆铁路

在归纳南昆铁路地形险峻、地质复杂等工程建设特点的基础上,较详细地论述了铁路建设过程中存在和发生的主要工程地质问题,并对为克服地质上的一些主要难题所采用的新技术、新方法加以介绍.     

Simulation studies of information propagation in a self-organizing distributed traffic information system

This paper investigates the feasibility of a self-organizing, completely distributed traffic information system based upon vehicle-to-vehicle communication technologies. Unlike centralized traffic information systems, the proposed system does not need public infrastructure investment as a prerequisite for implementation. Due to the complexity of the proposed system, simulation is selected as the primary approach in the feasibility studies. A simulation framework is built based on an existing microscopic traffic simulation model for the simulation studies. The critical questions for building the proposed market-driven system are examined both from communication requirements and traffic engineering points of view. Traffic information propagation both in freeway and arterial networks via information exchange among IVC-equipped vehicles is tested within the simulation framework. Results on the probability of successful IVC and traffic information propagation distance obtained from the simulation studies are generated and analyzed under incident-free and incident conditions for various roadway formats and parameter combinations. Comparisons between the speed of the incident information wave and the speed of the corresponding traffic shock wave due to the incident are analyzed for different scenarios as the most crucial aspect of the information propagation as a potential foundation for application in such a decentralized traffic information system.     

努力开创港口轨道衡管理工作新局面

港口计量工作随着港口运输生产的不断发展，其重要性也越来越受到各级管理者的高度重视与关注。秦皇岛港务集团铁运分公司经过多年的严格管理、扎实工作，逐步摸索出了一条科学的管理方法，在加强计量管理，提高服务质量，提升企业形象等方面做了有益的尝试。     

加强轨距尺检定器的管理维护确保量传准确可靠

随着轨距尺检定器使用时间的延长。因受外界条件影响，如：温度、湿度、辐射、磨损等，其材质、结构、性能逐渐发生变化，送上级计量检定部门检定时，其计量检测准确度逐渐降低（检定器是合格的）。为保证工务维修用铁路轨距尺计量的单位统一、量传准确。笔者对本公司所使用的是TJGC-1型数显轨距尺检定器的传动系统、调节系统进行了多次认真检查、分析、研究，在TJGC-1型数显轨距尺检定器使用中发现：检定器因使用时间较长，各部件结构松旷、磨损，导致性能不稳定；