制动盘摩擦面热损伤的形成机理分析

热斑、疲劳裂纹和应力开裂是钢铁制动盘摩擦面在服役过程中存在的热损伤现象,是导致疲劳裂纹失效的重要起因。研究摩擦面热损伤的形成机理对于防止制动盘的热损伤失效具有重要意义。采用有限元计算与理论分析相结合的方法,研究了制动盘热斑、裂纹和应力开裂3种热损伤的形成机理、影响因素。重点分析了热斑形成的温度条件和材料的组织变化、裂纹的形成和扩展规律以及5种约束所形成热应力的分布规律。     

高速列车车下设备舱温度场分析

高速列车在运行时,列车与空气的相互作用十分强烈。在实际的车辆开发研究过程中,随着列车的提速,如何有效地利用空气动力学特性变得愈来愈重要[1]。本文创建了350km/h高速列车编组明线运行的三维计算模型,并建立了头车车下设备舱内部流场的计算模型。对列车在环境温度为40℃～-40℃下,设备舱内的温度分布情况进行了数值研究,获得发热设备表面温度随不同环境温度的变化规律,为车下设备的合理布局提供依据。     

轿车总布置设计中人机工程应用的初步探讨

简单介绍了确定轿车总布置尺寸的主要原则，指出所有考虑因素的确定都必须以人为根本，以满足人机工程要求为原则。讨论了人机工程尺寸与乘坐舒适性、安全性、操纵性、上下轻便性之间的关系，最后通过简单的实例对优化总布置尺寸的过程作了初步介绍，并探讨了今后的发展方向。     

一种基于预测的电控汽油机怠速稳定性控制方法

根据发动机怠速工作过程的非线性、时变性和不确定性，分析了传统怠速稳定性控制的控制机理及存在的不足，提出了一种基于预测的发动机怠速稳定性控制方法——动态矩阵预测控制(DMC)算法，并建立了预测控制模型。试验表明，该预测控制方法能够较好地克服各种不确定性因素和复杂变化对怠速稳定性的影响。     

隧道路面表面抗滑性能的调查与分析

采用手工铺砂法和摆式仪对贵州、云南等省的隧道路面抗滑性能进行了现场实测，调查的结果表明，隧道水泥混凝土路面的抗滑耐久性较差，使隧道交通存在着一定的安全隐患。分析了隧道内部特有环境对隧道路面抗滑性能的影响，并针对隧道路面类型的选择，提出了恢复隧道路面抗滑力的措施。     

山区高速公路填石路堤压实质量控制

目前对填石路堤的施工工艺与质量控制标准,世界各国、各地区的方法都不尽相同。本文针对填石路堤的特点,以宜长高速公路填石路堤为例,探讨和研究了山区高速公路填石路堤压实质量控制技术,将压实度、固体体积率、碾压遍数、松铺厚度、沉降率、动态模量等多种质量控制标准进行比较,从而比较合理地提出了填石路堤快速无损检测及质量控制方法。     

Study on dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox under multi-boundary conditions

With the development of vehicle gearbox to high-power-density and high-speed, how to predict and optimize the dynamic characteristics of vehicle gearbox becomes increasingly prominent. Aiming at the vehicle gearbox, this paper comprehensively and deeply studies the dynamic characteristics under the multi-boundary conditions. The generation mechanism of the multi-source excitations triggering the gearbox vibration is analyzed firstly. The vibration transfer path of the gearbox is explored. Secondly, the engine excitation, the gear meshing excitation and the bearing support load are numerically calculated. According to the finite element method, a fluid-solid coupling finite element model of the gearbox body is established to predict the gearbox dynamic responses based on the Galerkin method and the Hamiltonian variational principle. Finally, the effects of the excitation condition, oil height and reinforcement forms on the vibration responses of the gearbox body are thoroughly studied by simulation. The analysis indicates that it not only helps to modify and improve the method of forecasting the gearbox dynamic response, and also provides the theoretical and technical guidance for the gearbox design and optimization.     

Target priority determination methods by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets with unknown attribute weights

The paper aims at the problem of multi-targets threat degree being hard to be evaluated accurately in complex air defense battlefield environments. Combined with multi-sensors information fusion and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFS) theories, the target priority determination is studied. The score and accuracy functions of IVIFS are improved with thinking about the hesitating information in order to increase the rationality. Then, the influence factors of target priority and the nonlinear relationship between the influence factors and target priority are analyzed. Next, the algorithms for calculating the factor weights and sensor weights are given. Based on the theory of IVIFS and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), two methods of target priority determination based on the IVIFS and TOPSIS are proposed. At last, an application example verifies the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed algorithms.     

Exploring the impact of walk–bike infrastructure,safety perception,and built-environment on active transportation mode choice: a random parameter model using New York City commuter data

This study estimates a random parameter (mixed) logit model for active transportation (walk and bicycle) choices for work trips in the New York City (using 2010–2011 Regional Household Travel Survey Data). We explored the effects of traffic safety, walk–bike network facilities, and land use attributes on walk and bicycle mode choice decision in the New York City for home-to-work commute. Applying the flexible econometric structure of random parameter models, we capture the heterogeneity in the decision making process and simulate scenarios considering improvement in walk–bike infrastructure such as sidewalk width and length of bike lane. Our results indicate that increasing sidewalk width, total length of bike lane, and proportion of protected bike lane will increase the likelihood of more people taking active transportation mode This suggests that the local authorities and planning agencies to invest more on building and maintaining the infrastructure for pedestrians. Further, improvement in traffic safety by reducing traffic crashes involving pedestrians and bicyclists, will increase the likelihood of taking active transportation modes. Our results also show positive correlation between number of non-motorized trips by the other family members and the likelihood to choose active transportation mode. The model would be an essential tool to estimate the impact of improving traffic safety and walk–bike infrastructure which will assist in investment decision making.     

Tool for Predicting the Ultimate Bending Moment of Ship and Ship-Shaped Hull Girders

The present paper presents a historical review associated with the research works on hull girder strength of ship and ship-shaped structures. Then, a new program is developed to determine the ultimate vertical bending moment of hull girder by applying direct method, stress distribution method, and progressive collapse analysis method. Six ships and ship-shaped structures used in the benchmark study of International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC) in 2012 are adopted as examples. The calculation results by applying the developed program are analyzed and compared with the existing results. Finally, the roles of the developed program and its further development are discussed.