Hydroelastic responses and interactions of floating fuel storage modules placed side-by-side with floating breakwaters

This paper is concerned with the hydroelastic responses and hydrodynamic interactions of two large floating fuel storage modules placed side-by-side with the presence of floating breakwaters. These modules and breakwaters form the floating fuel storage facility (FFSF). The floating storage modules and breakwaters are modeled as plates and the linear wave theory is used to model the water waves in the numerical model. The numerical model is verified with existing numerical results and validated with experimental test. Numerical simulations are performed to determine the hydroelastic behavior and hydrodynamic interactions of floating storage modules placed adjacent to each other and enclosed by floating breakwaters under various incident wave angles. The effects of breakwaters, drafts, channel spacing formed by the two adjacent modules and water depth on the hydroelastic responses of the modules are investigated. The wave induced responses of multiple floating storage modules enclosed by floating breakwaters are also examined.     

Comparison of computational and analytical methods for evaluation of failure pressure of subsea pipelines containing internal and external corrosions

In the designing stage of subsea pipelines, the design parameters, such as pipe materials, thickness and diameters, are carefully determined to guarantee flow assurance and structural safety. However, once corrosion occurs in pipelines, the operating pressure should be decreased to prevent the failure of pipelines. Otherwise, an abrupt burst can occur in the corroded region of the pipeline, and it leads to serious disasters in the environment and financial loss. Accordingly, the relationship between the corrosion amount and failure pressure of the pipeline, i.e., the maximum operating pressure, should be investigated, and then, the assessment guideline considering the failure pressure should be identified. There are several explicit type codes that regulate the structural safety for corroded subsea pipelines, such as ASME B31G, DNV RF 101, ABS Building and Classing Subsea Pipeline Systems, and API 579. These rules are well defined; however, there are some limitations associated with describing precise failure pressure. Briefly, all of the existing rules cannot consider the material nonlinearity, such as elastoplasticity effect of the pipeline, as well as the actual three-dimensional corrosion shape. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to suggest a modified formula parameter considering the above-mentioned pipeline and corrosion characteristics. As a result, the material nonlinearity as well as the corrosion configuration, i.e., axial/circumferential corrosion length, width and depth, is reflected in a set of finite element models and a series of finite element analysis considering the operation conditions are followed. Based on the comparative study between the simulation and analytical results, which can be obtained from the classification society rules, the modified formulae for failure pressure calculation are proposed.     

Robustness analysis of ESC ECU to characteristic variation of vehicle chassis components using HILS technique

The ESC system, since its introduction in the mid 90s, has greatly contributed to prevention of vehicle accidents with its capability of maintaining vehicle stability in severe driving conditions. Due to its significant advantages, many nations are now adopting regulations that mandate installation of the ESC system in all classes of passenger vehicles — from mini to luxury. Accordingly it became important to know whether an ESC ECU can yield good performance on a wide range of vehicle parameter changes. In this paper, robustness analysis was conducted to study how characteristic variation of the main chassis components affect the performance of the ESC ECU. This analysis was carried out using a HILS system built on an actual ESC ECU. The variation range of each chassis component was carefully selected considering the component’s design criteria adopted in automotive industries. Based upon the robustness analysis results, the allowable variation ranges of the chassis components for ensuring sound performance of an ESC ECU were proposed.     

Development of the Sungkyunkwan University Driving Simulator (SKUD) for Human-Machine Interface studies of Car Navigation Systems

Driving simulators are useful tools that can be used not only to test the components of future cars, but also to evaluate the telematics service and HMI (Human-Machine Interface). However, driving simulators that are currently available cannot be implemented to test and evaluate a real commercial telematics service system because the GPS (Global Positioning System), which contains basic functional support for the telematics module, does not work in the VR (virtual reality) environment. A driving simulator, together with the GPS simulator, can be used to study the HMI to evaluate commercial CNS (Car Navigation Systems). In this paper, Sungkyunkwan University Driving Simulator (SKUD) is developed with a GPS simulator that is able to emulate GPS satellite signals and includes the NMEA-0183 protocol and RS232C communication standards. Furthermore, using the SKUD, the HMI of the real commercial CNS could be investigated with driver workload assessment methods.     

Evaluation of a fleet safety management information system

Despite recent interest in work related road safety, relatively little research has been conducted to examine the effects of institutional factors on fleet safety. This paper conceptualized an evaluation framework and utilized it to assess fleet coordinators' attitudes toward and the usage of a fleet safety management system. First, focus group interviews revealed that monitoring fleet safety was not considered an important task within the government agencies participating in the research. Second, similar results were obtained in a survey of the fleet coordinators, which showed that most fleet coordinators were not utilising the full diagnostic capabilities of the management information system. In particular, fleet coordinators reported significantly higher competence, usage and importance on the coordination of fleet vehicle efficiency than on the coordination of fleet safety. These results were supported by the finding that fleet coordinators were required to report more on fleet efficiency than on fleet safety.     

Development of pictograms for dynamic traffic control systems in South Korea

This study developed a set of pictograms for lane control systems, to provide additional information to drivers on weather and traffic incidents. The results suggest that in the design of traffic signs, it is important to consider local context and not simply adopt standards and practices that are developed elsewhere. The differences in the social and cultural environments may affect the ease of reading and comprehension by local drivers. However, the study also showed that not all locally developed signs were rated higher for their ease of reading than others… Since some design characteristics are more salient, whereas others tend to be more dependent on the local context, it is important to conduct simple experiments and exploratory research to find the optimal designs to be used.     

Personal space,evasive movement and pedestrian level of service

This study proposed a behavioral theory‐based approach to better assess pedestrian levels of service for sidewalks, using the concepts of personal space and pedestrian evasive movements. Data from pedestrian interviews and video recordings at 28 commercial, residential, and leisure locations were used to analyze the effects of pedestrian movements on pedestrian perceived levels of service. With these results, a new measure of pedestrian level of service was developed. With the use of a separate validation sample, the revised levels of service obtained were found to be more consistent with the pedestrian perceived levels than the levels prescribed by the Korean Highway Capacity Manual. Hence, this research recommended the use of the revised measures for pedestrian level of service in the design and evaluation of pedestrian facilities. We also found that pedestrian evasive movements on sidewalks could better explain pedestrians' perception of the levels of service for a given facility. Moreover, pedestrian evasive movements were found to be sensitive to the width of the sidewalk and pedestrian volume. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ground travel mode choices of air arrivals at regional destinations: The significance of tourism attributes and destination contexts

The aim of this paper is to examine the air leisure arrivals’ ground travel mode choice in the context of their decision to disperse beyond the gateway. A stated choice experiment was designed to examine the dispersal and travel mode choice of leisure visitors arriving on air transport at Cairns. Results show that for a hypothetical public bus alternative, attributes such as ‘sightseeing opportunities’ and ‘driver quality’ were significant for trips made to less known destinations located south of Cairns, compared to destinations north of Cairns. Findings suggest that while travel mode attributes and trip characteristics are significant determinants of the mode choice of air leisure arrivals, the extent of their significance varied markedly across destinations. Although the data examined in this paper were collected in Cairns, this research should be of relevance to many regions interested in understanding the relationship between destination transport and dispersal of air arrivals.     

Factors contributing to the severity of intersection crashes

Road crashes are a leading cause of death and serious injuries both developed and developing countries. Intersections are recognized as being among the most hazardous locations on the roads. Although crashes at intersections form about 35 % of the reported accidents account for about 32% of traffic‐related serious injuries and fatalities in Singapore, there is no known study that examines the factors contributing to the severity of these crashes. In this study, the ordinal probit model was applied to crash data from 1992 to 2002 to investigate the role a variety of factors play in determining the severity of intersection crashes. Our study shows that vehicle type, road type, collision type, driver's characteristics and time of day are important determinants of the severity of crashes at intersections in Singapore.     

船东眼中的标准

所谓标准,有一个定义就是:它们是在实践中用来衡量性能或确定和控制质量水平的各种技术规定或准则。标准可以是强制性的,也可以是自愿的。标准应当是清楚明白、均衡合理及协调一致的。标准的制订,被看作是弥合技能或品质差距的最有效途径。规定明确的各项标准,必须处理好所有利