排序方式: 共有1851条查询结果,搜索用时 406 毫秒
541.
In this paper we review freight forecasting models and current advances and needs with respect to data and model development.
We then present a case study to suggest which models should be developed for the State of California in the US. We suggest
several alternatives including an aggregate commodity flow model, a disaggregate regional logistics model and a hybrid regional
logistics model with a truck touring model. We point out however, that the data requirements for the latter model would be
extensive. In addition, the development of hybrid models, for example progress in the integration of regional logistics models
with urban truck touring models, will introduce new problems such as reconciling the outputs of multiple models for consistency. 相似文献
542.
A new model system dealing with trips of length up to 100 km has recently been developed in Norway. A new way of dealing with
seasonal passes for public transport is used in the travel-to-work model. The objective was to account for the fact that a
respondent that posses a seasonal pass for public transport may behave as if public transport is free on the day they report
a travel diary. On the other hand, we can not assume that public transport is free for respondents that used other modes of
transport or that public transport is free to alternative destinations. This problem was solved by defining seasonal pass
as a separate alternative in the form of a nest that included all modes of travel. The cost of a seasonal pass is a common
cost for all modes in the nest and will thus not affect the choice within the nest. The estimation of this specification is
compared with the more common approach of assigning an average cost per day based on the cost of a monthly pass and the number
of workdays in a month. The comparison indicates that the “average cost per day” approach may produce biased estimates for
several parameters. It also turns out that the cost parameter for seasonal pass is higher than the parameter for “out of pocket”
cost, probably reflecting that there will be some uncertainty with respect to the actual use of a seasonal pass. 相似文献
543.
544.
The paper reports a modelling system to simulate goods movements at an urban scale. It allows joint analysis of choices made
by end-consumers (assumed to be families) and retailers. These movements are examined at two levels: analysis of commodity
flows, in terms of quantity, generated by the consumption of commodities; analysis of commodity flows, in terms of vehicles,
due to restocking. The first level allows us to calculate the goods quantity flows due to consumption and restocking; the
second level allows us to determine the service, vehicles used and target time, as well as the route chosen for restocking
sales outlets in order to estimate vehicle flows on the urban/metropolitan transportation network. The modelling system is
a multi-step model and considers a disaggregated approach for each decisional level. 相似文献
545.
Nazneen Ferdous Abdul Rawoof Pinjari Chandra R. Bhat Ram M. Pendyala 《Transportation》2010,37(3):363-390
This paper proposes a multiple discrete continuous nested extreme value (MDCNEV) model to analyze household expenditures for
transportation-related items in relation to a host of other consumption categories. The model system presented in this paper
is capable of providing a comprehensive assessment of how household consumption patterns (including savings) would be impacted
by increases in fuel prices or any other household expense. The MDCNEV model presented in this paper is estimated on disaggregate
consumption data from the 2002 Consumer Expenditure Survey data of the United States. Model estimation results show that a
host of household and personal socio-economic, demographic, and location variables affect the proportion of monetary resources
that households allocate to various consumption categories. Sensitivity analysis conducted using the model demonstrates the
applicability of the model for quantifying consumption adjustment patterns in response to rising fuel prices. It is found
that households adjust their food consumption, vehicular purchases, and savings rates in the short run. In the long term,
adjustments are also made to housing choices (expenses), calling for the need to ensure that fuel price effects are adequately
reflected in integrated microsimulation models of land use and travel. 相似文献
546.
Smart card systems have become the predominant method of collecting public transport fares in Japan. Transaction data obtained
through smart cards have resulted in a large amount of archived information on how passengers use public transportation. The
data have the potential to be used for modeling passenger behavior and demand for public transportation. This study focused
on train choices made by railway passengers. If each passenger’s train choice can be identified over a long period of time,
this information would be useful for improving the customer relationship management of the railway company and for improving
train timetables. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for estimating which train is boarded by each smart card
holder. This paper presents a methodology and an algorithm for estimation using long-term transaction data. To validate the
computation time and accuracy of the estimation, an empirical analysis is carried out using actual transaction data provided
by a railway company in Japan. The results show that the proposed method is capable of estimating passenger usage patterns
from smart card transaction data collected over a long time period. 相似文献
547.
Philip J. Zwart Philippe G. Godin Justin Penrose Shin Hyung Rhee 《Journal of Marine Science and Technology》2008,13(4):346-355
An accurate, efficient algorithm for solving free surface flows around ship hulls is described. Accuracy is achieved using
a compressive advection discretization which maintains a sharp free surface interface representation without relying on a
small time step. Efficiency is obtained using a solution algorithm which implicitly couples velocity, pressure, and volume
fractions. The algorithm has been implemented in a computational fluid dynamics code called CFX and is validated by means
of a comparisonwith experimental data of benchmark cases in both steady and transient conditions. 相似文献
548.
Marlene Calderon Veiga 《WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs》2004,3(2):171-192
Background
The question of what should be the right level of preparedness to react to a major oil spill (i.e. the EXXON VALDEZ spill, the ERIKA spill, and the PRESTIGE spill) is highly debated, especially in the aftermath of such spills. Little research, however, has been conducted with the aim to identify and compare governments’ best practices not only to fund preparedness measures but also to assess the countries’ ability to respond effectively to catastrophic oil spills. It is the author’s belief that important lessons can be learnt from a comparative analysis of countries’ best practices. 相似文献549.
A 3D displacement discontinuity method is applied to solve the fracture mechanics problems of the mixed mode crack under compression.
Friction between the surface of the closed crack is considered by establishing a simple and efficient iterative algorithm
based on method of contact resistance mitigation. On the surfaces of the closed crack, the Mohr-coulomb rule is satisfied
by iteration when the crack is in condition of sliding. The stress intensity factors are obtained using displacement fitting
method. It is shown that the numerical results agree with the experimental results well and that friction plays an important
role in resisting crack propagation. 相似文献
550.
An experimental study was carried out to understand the phenomena of the boiling flow of liquid nitrogen in inclined tubes with closed bottom by using a high speed motion analyzer.The experimental tubes are 0.018 and 0.014 m inner diameter(ID) and 1.0 m in length.The range of the inclination angle is 45°-90° from the horizontal.The experimental observation on the liquid slug was carried out along the tubes.Statistical method was employed to analyze the experimental data.The experiment analyzed the influences of the inclination angle and the tube diameter on the liquid slug length and velocity.The results show the liquid slug propagation velocity increases with the decrease of inclination angle θ.For all cases,the maximum values of the mean liquid slug lengths were obtained at θ = 60°.The mean liquid slug lengths were greater for large tube at higher tube position.These conclusions provide a basis for further study liquid slug of cryogenic two-phase undeveloped slug flow. 相似文献