快速城镇化下的公共交通优先政策研究

随着城镇化快速发展,高度聚集和紧凑布局的城市特征以及日益凸现的交通拥堵问题,决定了优先发展公共交通是中国城市和城市交通发展的必然选择。首先分析中国快速城镇化背景下公共交通发展定位,同时对现行的公共交通发展政策进行梳理。以战略性、前瞻性、系统性、实施性为原则,提出促进公共交通优先发展的公共政策体系框架,并详细阐述城市发展、公共交通、交通需求管理、科技创新四个方面的具体政策建议。     

城市交通发展模式转型与战略取向

随着城市交通拥堵、交通污染等问题凸显,以及能源、土地等资源约束,针对城市交通发展模式转型和交通战略的讨论成为社会各界关注的焦点。首先回顾中国不同阶段城市交通发展战略的时代背景和政策导向。从城镇化与城市发展、城市交通小汽车化、城市交通制约因素三个方面,分析城市交通发展面-临的严峻形势以及城市交通发展模式转型的迫切要求。提出促进城市交通发展模式转型的战略目标和应遵循的基本原则,并围绕科学决策、协同集成、公交优先、科技创新四个方面提出战略对策建议。     

内流对洪水冲击下管跨临界长度影响研究

为了研究洪水冲击管道时形成的管跨临界长度,分别介绍了洪水作用下管道的动力特性以及内流对管道特性的影响。针对管内流动与管外洪水冲击对于管道的作用,建立了内流、外流共同作用下的管道动力控制方程。结果表明:对于洪水冲击管道的问题,不应仅考虑洪水的作用,也应该考虑内流对于管道的作用;内流流速增大、压强增大、密度减小都将缩短临界长度。考虑内流的管跨临界长度,对设计及现场抢维修都具有借鉴作用。     

Optimal tank-trailer routing using the ILOG constraint programming – a Taiwan case study

Abstract

This paper investigates the routing of pressurized tank trailers and proposes a scheduling plan which ensures the practical delivery of industrial gases under the objective of reducing transportation costs. Using constraint programming, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that incorporates both hard and soft constraints for routing and scheduling tank trailers. Hard constraints are resource and safety/regulation constraints, whereas soft constraints are utilization and efficiency constraints. This approach enables tank-trailer routing and scheduling management to consider different combinations of parameters and view the results in ‘real-time.’ The routing and scheduling results based on a case study in Taiwan fulfil the goals of avoiding risks associated with transporting industrial gases, and attaining efficient delivery while conforming to regulations and consistent with good business practice. The results also suggest that significant economies in distribution costs are possible.     

我国汽车环保检测业的发展现状与出路

在汽车行业快速发展的今天,汽车环保检测业作为汽车市场的服务行业,也逐步发展起来。本文首先阐述了我国汽车环保检测业的发展现状,重点分析了行业存在的问题,最后提出了行业发展的对策。     

大成桥加固维护设计

阐述沈阳市大成桥病害加固维护处理,基于原施工图设计模型的复核计算及加固结构计算制定较为切实可行的加固维护方案,并按照该加固方案对大成桥实施了加固维护。实践证明,所采用方案是切实有效、经济合理的,可为解决类似桥梁的病害提供借鉴。     

电缆隧道下穿城市桥梁结构数值模拟

以重庆市江北城变电站至五里店站电缆隧道下穿对山立交桥梁工程为背景,利用有限元软件Midas-GTS模拟电缆隧道开挖过程,分析电缆隧道开挖对市政桥梁工程运营的安全性和可行性,并提出电缆隧道施工中应该注意的问题,其对以后类似工程具有良好的参考价值和指导意义。     

机床夹具设计过程中夹紧力的计算

在机床上加工零件时,为了保证加工精度,必须先对工件进行定位并将其夹紧。夹具夹紧力的作用主要是保证工件的定位基准与定位件保持良好的接触,使加工时不致于受切削力、离心力、惯性力及工件自重等作用而移位;夹紧力通过大小、作用点和方向来体现在夹具设计。     

A Variable Time-Discretization Strategies-Based,Time-Dependent Shortest Path Algorithm for Dynamic Traffic Assignment

Within the simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (SBDTA) model, the time-dependent shortest path (TDSP) algorithm plays a crucial role in the path-set update procedure by solving for the current optimal auxiliary solution (shortest path). Common types of TDSP algorithms require temporal discretization of link/node time/cost data, and the discretization could affect the solution quality of TDSP and of the overall SBDTA as well. This article introduces two variable time-discretization strategies applicable to TDSP algorithms. The strategies are aimed at determining the optimal time discretization for time-dependent links/nodes travel time data. The first proposed strategy produces a specific discretization interval for each link. The second proposed strategy generates time-varying intervals for the same link over the analysis period. The proposed strategies are implemented in a link-based time-dependent A* algorithm in a SBDTA model DynusT and tested with two numerical experiments on two traffic networks. The results show that the proposed discretization methods achieve the research goal—to flexibly and scalably balance the memory usage and run time for SBDTA without degrading the convergence. This property is rather important when dealing with a large real-world network with a long analysis period.     

基于MATLAB GUI的商用汽车持续制动模拟系统开发

近年来,随着道路情况的进一步改善,商用汽车不断向着重型化、高速化发展。持续制动系统可以在不使用传统制动系统的情况下,实现能量转化,为汽车提供持续的制动效果。避免由于持续使用传统摩擦式制动装置而引起的热衰退,提高汽车的安全性。本文通过分析国内外对于持续制动系统的研究,提出使用计算机模拟的方法来分析持续制动系统和车辆匹配的问题。选择合适的程序平台,进一步开发后得到了一套商用汽车持续制动模拟计算系统。