Discrete Adaptive Active Suspension for Hardware Implementation

This paper presents a discrete adaptive control approach for an active suspension. The study involves formulation of an active suspension as a digital controller problem involving the time delays. A nonlinear time varying (NTV), single input single output (SISO) suspension model is considered for the analysis. A discrete model reference adaptive control (DMRAC) approach with recursive least square (RLS) estimation is used to form the controller. The controller is designed to maintain the static equilibrium irrespective of dynamic load variations as a disturbance force on the model. Simulation results for deterministic and stochastic inputs are presented to substantiate the approach. Results indicate good performance of adaptive controller even for large dynamic variations of the model and has the potential for a successful hardware implementation.     

Aerodynamic design optimization of rear body shapes of a sedan for drag reduction

This study proposes an aerodynamically optimized outer shape of a sedan by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), which focused on modifying the rear body shapes of the sedan. To determine the optimization variables, the unsteady flow field around the sedan driving at very fast speeds was analyzed by CFD simulation, and fluctuations of the drag coefficient (C _D ) and pressure around the car were calculated. After consideration of the baseline result of CFD, 6 local parts from the end of the sedan were chosen as the design variables for optimization. Moreover, an ANN approximation model was established with 64 experimental points generated by the D-optimal methodology. As a result, an aerodynamically optimized shape for the rear end of the sedan in which the aerodynamic performance is improved by about 5.64% when compared to the baseline vehicle is proposed. Finally, it is expected that within the accepted range of shape modifications for a rear body, the aerodynamic performance of a sedan can be enhanced so that the fuel efficiency of the sedan can be improved. The YF SONATA, a sedan manufactured by Hyundai Motors Corporate, played a major role in this research as the baseline vehicle.     

一种Ka波段宽带同轴探针过渡的设计

采用同轴探针过渡的方式可以实现低损耗、宽频带、驻波小的要求,同时解决了传统过渡方式不密封的问题,提升了射频组件长期储存性能。利用CST软件建模并仿真优化,对影响过渡性能的几个因素进行分析,得出了可供工程应用的设计方案。     

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概括地回顾了一些关于离线(或脱机)交通信号灯优化设计的方法.其中包括用于在孤立交叉口的单点和区域性的联动控制系统.离线方法在设计时一般利用已有调查出来的交通数据作为固定的输入资料，这个跟实时设计方法所要求的从感应器即时检浏出来的情况作为设计依据是有本质上的区别.但一般沿用的信号配时设计方法都需要依靠已刻在行车线道上(允许通行)的方向指示标志为设计基础，但这个方向指示在确定后在整个优化过程中是维持不变的，这就限制了交通流量在线道上的分布，从而大大减低配时的灵活性，在这样情况下优化出来的结果肯定不会是最好的.直至近期，以行车线道为基本单位的配时设计方法(英文名称为Lane-based method;中文可称为线道法)发展起来.这个方法是由传统的Phase-based method(相位法)所演变出来的.线道法不但包含所有相位法的特点，而且更能为原本受约束的线道和配时设计进行全面优化.线道法可在单点交叉口和区域性的联动控制系统上应用.文末提出一些未来研究发展的新方向.     

高架轨道轮轨噪声预测分析

随着我国城市轨道交通的快速发展,高架轨道作为一种经济、实用、安全、快速的交通模式,在城市轨道交通建设中得到越来越广泛的运用,但由此带来的振动噪声对周围环境的影响也变得十分突出。通过建立轮轨噪声预测模型,运用有限元法分析箱型梁、U型梁阻抗,对高架轨道轮轨噪声进行预测分析。讨论了桥梁截面型式、行车速度、轨道扣件刚度、桥梁结构阻尼、桥梁支座刚度对高架轨道轮轨噪声的影响。分析结果表明,行车速度和扣件刚度对轮轨噪声有较大影响,在200 Hz以下,轮轨噪声总体上随着扣件刚度的增大而增大;在200~800 Hz范围内,轮轨噪声随着扣件刚度的增大反而减小;在800 Hz以上,扣件刚度对轮轨噪声无明显影响。桥梁截面型式仅在低频部分对轮轨噪声有较大影响,而桥梁结构阻尼、桥梁支座刚度则对高架轨道轮轨噪声影响甚微。     

The influence of parents’ travel patterns,perceptions and residential self-selectivity to their children travel mode shares

Using the UK National Travel Survey from 2002 to 2006, this paper investigates the influence of households’ residential self-selectivity, parents’ perceptions on accessibilities and their travel patterns on their children daily travel mode share. In doing this, this study introduces a model structure that represents the complex interactions between the parents’ travel patterns, their perceptions on public transport services and their reported residential self-selectivity reasons and the children travel mode shares. This structure is analysed with structural equation modelling. The model estimation results show that parents’ residential self-selectivity, parents’ perceptions and satisfactions on accessibilities and their daily travel patterns significantly influence the children’s daily travel mode shares. However, the effects are not uniform across household members. This study has revealed that households’ residential self-selectivity behaviours have more correlations with the children’s non-motorised mode shares, whilst the parents’ perceptions and satisfactions on transport infrastructure and public transport service qualities have more correlations with parents’ mode shares. The results also confirm that parents’ non-motorised modes use in travelling is highly correlated with the children’s physically active travel mode shares. However, at the same time, the results also show that the effects of mothers’ car use to the children travel mode shares is more apparent than fathers’.     

干模式下颗粒粘滑震动试验研究

为了研究浅源地震的诱发机制,基于室内三轴试验,对颗粒材料的粘滑震动特性进行了分析. 采用颗粒直径为0.6～0.8 mm的玻璃珠,在围压为30、60、100、200、400 kPa和600 kPa的条件下,以0.02 mm/min的轴向应变速率,开展干燥、密实玻璃珠的固结不排水三轴压缩试验,结果表明:试样偏应力主震和偏应力应变间距随着围压的增大而增大;除了初始压密阶段外,体变-应变曲线中所有体积的突然收缩均与粘滑震动有关;在30、60、100 kPa围压条件下,围压-应变曲线中出现较多尖而窄的波峰和波谷;在200、400 kPa和600 kPa围压条件下,围压-应变曲线中只有尖而窄的波谷;玻璃珠类颗粒材料发生粘滑震动过程中既有静摩擦也有转动摩擦;颗粒之间应力链的连续变形和破坏是引起颗粒粘滑震动的根本原因.      

Creating bus timetables with maximal synchronization

This paper addresses the problem of generating a timetable for a given network of buses so as to maximize their synchronization. It attempts to maximize the number of simultaneous bus arrivals at the connection (transfer) nodes of the network. Transit schedulers, taking into account the satisfaction and convenience of the system's users, appreciate the importance of creating a timetable with maximal synchronization, which enables the transfer of passengers from one route to another with minimum waiting time at the transfer nodes. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem, and a heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the problem in polynomial time. The efficiency of this algorithm, compared to optimal solutions, is illustrated through a series of examples.     

温拌与热拌SMA沥青混合料路用性能的对比分析

从压实性能、高温性能、低温性能、疲劳性能、水稳定性能、剪切性能及老化性能等方面对熟拌和温拌SMA沥青混合料进行路用性能对比分析,结果表明在降低施工温度节能环保的情况下,热拌和温拌SMA沥青混合料的路用性能相当。