昆明城市轨道交通与土地一体化规划研究

在我国城市发展轨道交通的过程中,公共交通导向土地使用的开发策略(TOD)理念虽已成为共识,但在具体实施过程中,尚未充分发挥轨道交通对城市规划的引导作用。为深入分析以上问题,以昆明市为例,研究在城市现状及远景规划控制下,轨道交通周边的用地、人口、岗位分布情况,发现TOD发展理念并未很好地融合到我国现有规划体系中,实施中缺少轨道交通对建设用地分布的\"强反馈\"机制。提出总规、控规、轨道交通规划3个层面上的规划建议,以期对我国城市轨道交通规划与城市规划良性互动提供一定的参考。     

Entry barriers in seaports

The different types of entry barrier in seaports are analysed and the policies and practices to reduce them are discussed in this paper. In most seaports, economic, regulatory, and geographical entry barriers are substantial and increasing in complexity as ports become embedded in supply chains and multilayered networks with multiple entry-levels. Various entry barriers in seaports are identified through an overview of the relevant literature and their presence is confirmed by empirical data describing them. The case is then made for lowering these barriers. This would be desirable from an economic point of view, since lower barriers strengthen the contestability of markets and increase the level of intra-port competition. The latter might yield substantial benefits, such as fostering specialization and preventing the abuse of market power. Finally, low entry barriers would facilitate the faster implementation of new technologies and business models. In the third part of the analysis, policies and practices designed to reduce entry barriers are examined. The implications are discussed of current national and supranational (EU) policy initiatives aimed to liberalize service provision in seaports. Other (de)regulatory policies that could contribute to the reduction of entry barriers are analysed.     

Options-Based Multi-Objective Evaluation of Product Platforms

A platform is the set of elements and interfaces that are common to a family of products. Design teams must choose among feasible platform concepts upon which a product family could be based, often involving new technologies. Multiple performance objectives need to be considered. A standard approach is to convert the performance outcomes into financial figures, which can then be weighed against the required investments. However, it is not always possible to transform performance outcomes (benefits) into monetary terms, such as in defense or highly technical projects. A multi-objective form of real-options-based platform selection is developed. Systems are compared based on multiple technical and economic goals, incorporating uncertainty by representing the unknown factors during the subsequent development process with probability distributions. The range of uncertain outcomes is integrated into single expected measures of effectiveness, which can then be applied to select the most appropriate platform and set of support product variants. An application to the design of platform-based families of naval high-speed ships is shown.     

A Low-Cost Transfer Function Identification Technique for Automotive Suspensions

An alternative technique for identifying the transfer function of automotive suspension systems is presented in this paper. The method establishes a frequency response from which the transfer function can be determined by using a low cost test rig developed for the purpose. This results in a transfer function matrix which can include asymmetry in the suspension, tyre stiffness and damping. The technique is validated by comparing results for a two-wheeled trailer with those obtained on a conventional hydraulic test rig. Results from this procedure may be used to evaluate passive or active suspension systems or to feed into a suspension modelling process for such purposes as active suspension control strategy development.     

Optimizing shipping company operations using business process modelling

In order to identify the elements constituting quality in services, a business process modelling methodology has been applied in the case of a Greek liner shipping company. The company operations have been identified and analysed in order to assess the complete performance of service elements and thereafter identify how to match the service performance against the user requirements. A liner container service within Europe has to compete with the road transport which, in many cases, is an alternative to the sea transportation and not complementary to it. Thus, not only the ship has to be envisaged when aiming to improve quality in services but also the whole chain, namely port authorities, land transportation enterprises, subcontractors, agents, charterers and others. A set of potential improvements within this framework are thus suggested and time and cost (examined in a specific voyage scenario) are measured before and after the implementation of these measures. Very large time and cost savings are observed after the application of the technology improvements, allowing, in fact, the shipping company to even increase the number of round trips per year in the examined route. This indicates that very large benefits can be drawn by analysing and critically adjusting business processes in modern shipping companies.     

Design of a forced control system for a dynamic road simulator using QFT

This paper presents the road simulator control technology for reproducing a road input signal to implement real road data. The simulator consists of a hydraulic pump, a servo valve, a hydraulic actuator and its control equipment. QFT (Quantitative Control Theory) is utilized to control the simulator effectively. The control system illustrates a tracking performance of the closed-loop controller with a low order transfer function G(s) and a pre-filter F(s) for a parametric uncertainty model. A force controller is designed to communicate the control signal between the simulator and digital controller. Tracking specification is satisfied with upper and lower bound tolerances on the steep response of the system to the reference signal. The efficacy of the QFT force controller is verified through the numerical simulation in which combined dynamics and actuation of the hydraulic servo system are tested. The simulation results show that the proposed control technique works well under an uncertain hydraulic plant system. The conventional software (Labview) is used to make up for the real controller on a real-time basis, and the experimental works show that the proposed algorithm works well for a single road simulator.     

Road identification in monocular color images using random forest and color correlogram

This paper presents a system to identify road and non-road regions from monocular color images of paved and unpaved roads. Despite being a single object, the road in these images is subject to large changes in appearance due to environmental effects and track materials. This condition has challenged the practical application of road identification. The proposed system combines random forest with color correlogram to overcome such conditions and offers a classifier for road and non-road regions in traffic images. As a color feature, the color correlogram depicts the spatial correlation of color changes in an image. Using random forest, road identification is formulated as a learning paradigm. The combined effects of color correlograms and random forest create a robust system capable of identifying roads even in variable situations in real time. This combination is more effective than other combinations, such as a color histogram plus random forest, a color correlogram plus neural network, or a color histogram plus neural network.     

德国新型、舒适、快速摆式列车

介绍了德国新型摆式列车BR415、BR411和BR605的设计和倾摆技术。     

软开关变流器的稳态分析(二)

讨论软开关变流器的稳态分析.由于分别由软开关变流器的Lr-Cr单元和大的L-C滤波器单元决定的快、慢固有频率的共存,通过启动瞬态仿真程序寻找软开关变流器的稳态解可能会造成繁琐的计算和收敛失败.由于采用了基于暂态分析的换相检测技术和基于补偿原理的换相分析技术,文章所提出的数值法显示了高可靠性和快速收敛性.对两个直流变换器、一台逆变器和一台功率因数补偿装置作的稳态分析,突出显示了仿真算法的良好性能.     

NOVEL PHOSPHORYLATION SITES OF EUKARYOTIC INITIATION FACTOR－4E AND EVIDENCE THAT PHOSPHORYLATION STABILIZES INTERACTIONS OF T

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