实船舵空化现象试验观察

空化是高航速下水面舰船螺旋桨及舵等附体上常见的现象,空化的产生会带来振动、噪声和空蚀等一系列问题,直接影响舰船的舒适性和局部结构的安全性.而由于国内有关实尺度舵空化数据的缺乏,导致人们对于实船舵空化的状况仍知之甚少.本文通过试验方法观察了某一实船舵在一定航速、一定舵角下的空化状况,获得了实船舵空化出现的位置及程度,为实尺度舵空化问题的认识和优化提供了一定参考.     

Bicycle mode share in China: a city-level analysis of long term trends

In the past 15 years, cities in China have experienced big changes in socioeconomic and traffic conditions, resulting in a long term change in bicycle use. This study aims to quantify the changes in bicycle mode share in Chinese cities and explore the potential causes. Based on data from 51 cities, it is found that bicycle mode share at the city level decreased gradually in the past. Conventional bicycle mode share decreased with a rate of 3 % per year, but electric bicycle mode share increased with a rate of 2 % per year. The correlations between city features such as demographics and built environments and bicycle mode share at different city sizes are compared. The generalized linear models are estimated to relate the changes in the share of different trip modes to various city-level factors. The results show that the bicycle mode share in a city is impacted by factors including city area size, population density, number of cars, percentage of local road mileage among all roads, and trip purpose. Possible reasons for the changes in bicycle uses in Chinese cities are explored and policy implications are discussed.     

Isolating high-priority metro and feeder bus transfers using smart card data

Fixed-rail metro (or ‘subway’) infrastructure is generally unable to provide access to all parts of the city grid. Consequently, feeder bus lines are an integral component of urban mass transit systems. While passengers prefer a seamless transfer between these two distinct transportation services, each service’s operations are subject to a different set of factors that contribute to metro-bus transfer delay. Previous attempts to understand transfer delay were limited by the availability of tools to measure the time and cost associated with passengers’ transfer experience. This paper uses data from smart card systems, an emerging technology that automatically collects passenger trip data, to understand transfer delay. The primary objective of this study is to use smart card data to derive a reproducible methodology that isolates high priority transfer points between the metro system and its feeder-bus systems. The paper outlines a methodology to identify transfer transactions in the smart card dataset, estimate bus headways without the aid of geographic location information, estimate three components of the total transfer time (walking time, waiting time, and delay time), and isolate high-priority transfer pairs. The paper uses smart card data from Nanjing, China as a case study. The results isolate eight high priority metro-bus transfer pairs in the Nanjing metro system and finally, offers several targeted measures to improve transfer efficiency.     

海南北部老粘性土工程地质性质研究

海南岛北部沿海广泛分布老粘性土层,该土层埋藏适中、分布稳定,但常规勘察手段难以客观全面地揭示其工程地质性质.结合海南马村港口工程项目,综合分析该老粘性土层的时代成因、微观结构、化学成分及其物理力学性质,客观全面地揭示该土层的工程地质性质,为港口建设提供地质依据.     

浅析港口工程地质勘察项目管理

为了适应当前的发展形势,又好又快地完成各项岩土工程勘察任务,需要考虑如何在保证质量的同时满足工期与经济效益的要求。着重阐述在港口工程地质勘察中,引进项目管理的方法,从地质钻探、士工试验和室内报告编写等方面提出流程化管理的思路,为实践中遇到的一些问题提供建议及参考。     

真空预压软基处理工程监测

介绍真空预压软基处理工程中一些常用的监测手段及监测方法.结合工程实例,通过综合运用表层沉降监测、孔隙水压力监测、分层沉降监测、地下水位观测等手段,分析真空预压软土地基处理方法的加固效果,可供软土地基处理设计与施工参考.     

船舶火灾事故人为因素的分析与评价

文章参考了国内外船舶火灾事故人为因素研究的部分成果,通过咨询调查专家和系统分析等方法,对船舶火灾事故中的人为因素进行了详细深入的分析,构建了船舶火灾事故人为因素的评价指标,详细分析各评价指标及确定评价等级,对船舶火灾的预防起到一定的指导作用.     

曹妃甸港区规划测量水位控制的探讨

唐山港曹妃甸港区规划工程测量项目,测量范围东起大清河口(捞鱼尖),西至南堡西侧,向南测量至-20 m等深线附近水域,其岸线长达61 km,测量面积达到1 148 km<'2>,是一项超大型的测量工程.结合曹妃甸港区规划工程测量,主要阐述如何对临时水位站进行布设,以及如何解决曹妃甸理论最低潮面与当地理论最低潮面的转换关系.     

综合物探技术在石油平台场址灾害调查中的应用

海洋物探技术是海洋调查的主要作业手段,在海洋石油平台的安全施工需要方面发挥重要作用.通过实例,介绍石油平台场址调查的主要作业范围、使用设备、以及主要结论,包括描述与分析预定平台位置及周围的、与平台就位、预定管线路由铺设施工有关的工程地质现象.     

图像滤波处理技术在海洋调查图像处理中的应用

对海洋工程的图像进行去噪、增强以及边缘提取等深层次处理,可提高信息的利用率.针对传统方法的欠缺和不足,利用图像变换获得的时频域特性与多分辨分析.讨论图像滤波处理在图像去噪、增强、边缘提取方面的应用,并给出实验结果.