天津滨海新区西外环高速公路软土路基处理技术研究

软土路基处理是公路工程建设所涉及的一项重要内容,对公路工程的施工质量有着直接的影响,这也对软土路基处理技术提出了更高的要求。以天津西外环高速工程为背景,在简要分析该工程软土路基特点的基础上,对该工程软土路基处理技术及相应原理进行了阐述,并具体探讨了软土路基施工技术要点。经过比较选择了适合滨海软土地基处理的方法,并发展和提出了滨海软土地基处理的一系列新技术,经过实际应用得到满意的结果。     

BRT专用车道站台段钢桥面铺装的一种解决方案

BRT专用车道的定点停车位作为铺装的薄弱点,若铺装层的高温动稳定性不足将造成该处形成剪切推移、车辙等病害。以贵阳市中环路为背景,对BRT专用车道站台段钢桥面铺装的四个方案进行比选,并选取热拌式沥青混凝土作为实施方案,经验证效果良好,可为国内外的类似工程提供参考。     

Bayesian network for red-light-running prediction at signalized intersections

Abstract

Red-light-running (RLR) is an important reason for the large number of intersection-related fatalities, injuries, and other losses. The accurate RLR prediction can effectively reduce crashes caused by RLR behavior. The RLR prediction is usually composed of two parts: the vehicle’s stop-or-go behavior and the arrival time when the vehicle reaches the stop line. Previous stop-or-go prediction models are usually based on embedded traffic sensors using machine learning algorithms. While based on the continuous trajectories collected by radar sensors, RLR prediction can be conducted more effectively. In this paper, a probabilistic stop-or-go prediction model based on the Bayesian network (BN) is proposed for RLR prediction. We extend the deterministic output into the probabilistic output, which provides decision-makers with greater autonomy. The causality of BN improves the interpretability of the prediction model. The BN model is calibrated and tested by the continuous trajectories data measured by radar sensors installed at a signalized intersection. We not only consider the movement measurements of individual vehicles (e.g., speed and acceleration), but also take into account the car-following behavior. As a comparison, different machine learning models and the model based on the inductive loop detection (ILD) are adopted. The results show that the proposed BN model has a high prediction accuracy and performs better in the feature interpretation. This paper provides a new way for probabilistic RLR prediction based on continuous trajectories, which will significantly improve traffic safety of signalized intersections.     

齿轮系统减振设计的支承结构灵敏度分析

考虑轴和轴承的柔性以及由于轮齿啮合而产生的横向运动、扭转运动、轴向运动与旋转（摆动）运动间的动态耦合的影响,建立了齿轮系统的动力学模型,研究了齿轮系统特征值灵敏度分析方法．通过计算实例论述了齿轮系统减振设计支承结构灵敏度分析的具体应用。     

管棚超前支护在平顶直墙隧道中的优化设计

管棚法作为浅埋暗挖隧道的一种辅助工法在防止隧道塌方、控制地层位移方面发挥着重要作用.管棚设计需要确定两个基本参数--间距、截面尺寸.而管棚的设计理论还不够成熟.文章引入土拱原理可以计算管棚的最大间距;而对于截面尺寸.提出在弹性地基梁法的基础上,考虑隧道开挖影响并结合增量法进行计算较为合理.同时认为,两个基本参数的相互影响必须综合考虑,假定管棚直径进行间距设计,应根据管棚受力分析进行校核,通过多次循环假定、计算、校核以得到较为合理的管棚设计参数.     

Analyzing urban bus service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels

Improving the reliability of bus service has the potential to increase the attractiveness of public transit to current and prospective riders. An understanding of service reliability is necessary to develop strategies that help transit agencies provide better services. However, few studies have been conducted analyzing bus reliability in the metropolis of China. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of service reliability based on bus operational characteristics in Beijing. Three performance parameters, punctuality index based on routes (PIR), deviation index based on stops (DIS), and evenness index based on stops (EIS), are proposed for the evaluation of bus service reliability. Reliability involves routes, stops, punctuality, deviation, and evenness. The relationship among the three parameters is discussed using a numerical example. Subsequently, through a sampling survey of bus lines in Beijing, service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels are estimated. The effects of route length, headway, the distance from the stop to the origin terminal, and the use of exclusive bus lanes are also analyzed. The results indicate low service reliability for buses in Beijing and a high correlation between service reliability and route length, headway, distance from the stop to the origin terminal, and the provision of exclusive bus lanes.     

火灾对埋地管道中油品温度影响的数值研究

地面发生火灾时,土壤中原有的热平衡被破坏,土壤温度、地下管道温度将产生变化,从而进一步影响管内输送介质的温度,使其不断升高,当油品温度升高到一定值时,管道安全将受到影响.针对此情况建立非稳态传热模型,给出了微分方程;运用有限差分法对模型进行了数值模拟计算,其中对管道采取分段传热计算,并对结果进行分析.通过该研究,得出发生火灾后,埋地管道内输送油品的沿程温度变化规律,从而为火灾后的埋地输油管道性能安全评估提供了科学依据.     

上海长江隧道连接通道水平冻结法施工

主要介绍了上海长江隧道连接通道冻结法施工技术,包括冻土帷幕设计、冻结孔布置、连接通道开挖支护、控制冻胀和融沉的措施等,同时对连接通道的主要技术创新措施进行了分析。     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

偏压连拱隧道施工方法研究

文章采川三维有限元数值模拟研究了偏压连拱隧道不同施工顺序下拱顶下沉、中墙稳定性及初期支护受力特征.研究结果表明,先开挖浅埋侧时,拱顶沉降较小,中墙在施工中的稳定安全系数较大、弯矩较小,初期支护受力较大;对于浅埋偏压连拱隧道,围岩变形及中墙在施工中的稳定性控制更为重要.所以,从有利于围岩变形、中墙稳定性控制以及中墙受力的角度出发,宜采用先开挖浅埋侧的施工方法.