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As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as
to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but
evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher.
Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of
bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these
communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants
of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was
designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors
and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show
strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use. 相似文献
995.
Developing a more efficient mass transit system, in highly populated cities, improves the mobility, decreases the dependency
of private cars, alleviates traffic congestion, and provides a more environmentally friendly means of travel. Recently, the
city of Beijing decided to have a target of becoming as a ‘public-transport city’ with a fascinating mass transit system within
a larger plan, of building humanistic, scientific and technological, and green public-transport systems. This work discusses
the governance evolution of the mass transit system of Beijing between 1949–2008, comprised of two groups of transit systems,
the road surface public-transport system (bus, tram, trolley, etc.), and the subway public-transport system. In addition,
a time-series analysis is introduced in an attempt to examine the effect of governance evolution on the two transit systems,
and of the impacts of the governance structural changes on the mass transit system. The time-series model is introduced using
the annual statistics data of the period 1949–2008. The outcome of the analysis is viewed with precaution because of the incompleteness
of the many endogenous and exogenous factors to affect the public-transport demand. Generally speaking it is concluded that
the governance evolution provides beneficial effect of the Beijing mass transit activity; however, for satisfying the significant
increase of the Beijing city’s travel demand and maintaining sustainable development, the governance-involvement pattern needs
to be reformed. 相似文献
996.
Exploring public transport usage trends in an ageing population 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An ageing population remains one of the most significant challenges for Western society in the 21st century. Whilst public
transport use has attractive sustainability features for older generations there is mixed evidence with regard to trends in
travel and public transport use in ageing societies. This paper explores public transport trip rates amongst older age groups
using travel survey evidence collected from a household travel survey in Melbourne, Australia for the period 1994 to 1999.
A particular aim of the research was to establish trends in trip rates so as to explore the impact of the ageing Baby Boomer
generation on travel by public transport. The results suggested that compared to those aged below 60, those aged over 60 years
demonstrated 30% lower trip making overall and 16% lower public transport trip rates. Longitudinal trends in trip rates showed
those aged over 60 had a very small decline in trip rates by public transport (−0.004 average daily trips per annum) but increasing
rates for car trips. A further analysis showed a small but significant increase in longitudinal trip rates of public transport
use amongst Baby Boomers (0.004 daily trips p.a., p < .05) while car usage for Baby Boomers was steady. The implication of these findings is that trends in the existing over
60s population are not necessarily going to flow through to behaviour patterns in the Baby Boomer generations. The Baby Boomer
age group showed longitudinal trends in travel behaviour which contrasted with those of the existing over 60s generation notably
with a trend towards increased public transport usage. 相似文献
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998.
针对风电出力并网困难的问题,提出采用混合储能系统平抑风电输出功率波动.首先,采用小波分析对风电输出功率信号进行小波去噪;其次采用经验模态分解对去噪后的功率信号进行分解;然后将储能系统内部功率指令划分与系统容量配置相结合,以储能系统容量配置成本最小为目标,建立混合储能容量优化模型,通过穷举对不同分界点所对应的系容量配置成... 相似文献
999.
为提高沥青路面使用性能, 更好地服务湖州南浔大道路面修复工程, 文章通过车辙试验、 小梁弯曲试验、 浸水马歇尔试验及冻融劈裂试验研究了掺加 AP-8 改性剂的沥青混合料各项路用性能。 室内试验研究表明: 掺加 0. 3% AP-8 改性剂的普通沥青混合料, 其高温稳定性有较大提高, 动稳定度达到 8000 次/ mm, 抗水损害性能、 低温抗裂性能略有改善, 残留稳定度、 冻融劈裂强度比、 低温破坏应变分别在 89%、 84%、 2900με 以上。 在室内试验研究的基础上, 将 AP-8 改性剂应用于湖州南浔大道路面修复工程, 通过现场检测, 压实度均值为 94. 3%, 渗水系数为 51. 9ml / min, 表明掺加 AP-8 改性剂的普通沥青混合料压实情况良好。 通车两年后, 通过车辙及平整度系统评价, 路面仍保持良好的通行状态。 室内试验研究和实体工程跟踪检测结果表明: AP-8 改性剂可有效提高沥青路面的使用性能, 是一种性能优良且稳定的沥青混合料改性剂。 相似文献
1000.
This paper is a think piece on variations in the structure of stated preference studies when modelling the joint preferences
of interacting agents who have the power to influence the attribute levels on offer. The approach proposed is an extension
of standard stated choice methods, known as ‘stated endogenous attribute level’ (SEAL) analysis. It allows for interactive
agents to adjust attribute levels off a base stated choice specification that are within their control, in an effort to reach
agreement in an experimental setting. This accomplishes three goals: (1) the ability to place respondents in an environment
that more closely matches interactive settings in which some attribute levels are endogenous to a specific agent, should the
modeller wish to capture such behaviour; (2) the improved ability of the modeller to capture the behaviour in such settings,
including a greater wealth of information on the related interaction processes, rather than simply outcomes; and (3) the expansion of the set of situations that the modeller can investigate using experimental
data.
相似文献
John M. RoseEmail: |