城市道路双层隧道交通监控系统设计探讨

本文介绍了城市道路双层隧道交通组织方案和交通诱导方案,分析了双层隧道与单层隧道的区别,阐明了双层隧道交通监控系统的特点。提出了双层隧道不同交通组织情况下的交通监控方案、现场控制网络设计要点、视频监控系统优化方案以及交通安全和设施安全方面需要考虑的问题,可作为同类工程监控方案设计的参考。     

不同驾驶操作行为对车辆燃油消耗量的影响分析

针对车辆驾驶员普遍存在盲目换挡、急加速等不良驾驶行为的现象,研究采用发动机台架试验和道路试验相结合的方法,对汽车起步、换挡时机的选择、加速、减速、车速控制等典型的驾驶操作行为展开研究,通过对不同驾驶操作行为燃油消耗的分析,规范了汽车驾驶操作行为。     

“天鲲”号超大型自航绞吸挖泥船总体设计技术

结合国内外超大型绞吸挖泥船的特点和发展趋势,对我国自主研发设计的"天鲲"号超大型自航绞吸挖泥船的船型、主尺度和总布置等总体设计要点进行详细论述,形成了大型绞吸式挖泥船船型论证分析的总体思路,为超大型自航绞吸式挖泥船的总体设计提供参考,提升了国内整体绞吸船的设计和建造水平。     

Estimating the robustness of questionnaire results: lessons from a mixed-mode survey of expectations for tele-working and road-based business travel

The robustness of questionnaire results to various forms of bias are explored in the context of a dual-mode (web and hardcopy) survey of employers’ anticipations of levels of employee commuting and business travel activity under a range of future ICT scenarios. The questionnaire incorporated several innovative features which, together with the dual-mode format, allowed an unusually wide range of analyses. For example: the robustness of respondents’ opinions was tested by examining the effect of incorporating alternative versions of a briefing text, one being very positive and one very negative, about the role of ICT; instrument bias was identified via detailed comparison of the results from the two versions of the questionnaire; and the impact of exogenous factors which are often ignored or taken as constant was assessed via special supplementary questions. Analysis showed that the robustness of opinions and expectations varied and was influenced by respondent characteristics, and that results from the two versions of the questionnaire differed significantly. It is concluded that opinions and expectations are less robust, and questionnaire results are more subject to bias and myopic interpretation, than is generally recognised and that web-based surveys seem particularly vulnerable to sampling bias. Methods are suggested for measuring robustness, for reducing bias and for validating and contextualising results. The use of contrasting briefing texts is recommended as a means of establishing the robustness of opinions and expectations while supplementary questions are recommended for validating and contextualising SP and SE exercises.

Second best toll and capacity optimisation in networks: solution algorithm and policy implications

This paper looks at the first and second best jointly optimal toll and road capacity investment problems from both policy and technical oriented perspectives. On the technical side, the paper investigates the applicability of the constraint cutting algorithm for solving the second best problem under elastic demand which is formulated as a bilevel programming problem. The approach is shown to perform well despite several problems encountered by our previous work in Shepherd and Sumalee (Netw. Spat. Econ., 4(2): 161–179, 2004). The paper then applies the algorithm to a small sized network to investigate the policy implications of the first and second best cases. This policy analysis demonstrates that the joint first best structure is to invest in the most direct routes while reducing capacities elsewhere. Whilst unrealistic this acts as a useful benchmark. The results also show that certain second best policies can achieve a high proportion of the first best benefits while in general generating a revenue surplus. We also show that unless costs of capacity are known to be low then second best tolls will be affected and so should be analysed in conjunction with investments in the network.

Identifying optimal data aggregation interval sizes for link and corridor travel time estimation and forecasting

With the recent increase in the deployment of ITS technologies in urban areas throughout the world, traffic management centers have the ability to obtain and archive large amounts of data on the traffic system. These data can be used to estimate current conditions and predict future conditions on the roadway network. A general solution methodology for identifying the optimal aggregation interval sizes for four scenarios is proposed in this article: (1) link travel time estimation, (2) corridor/route travel time estimation, (3) link travel time forecasting, and (4) corridor/route travel time forecasting. The methodology explicitly considers traffic dynamics and frequency of observations. A formulation based on mean square error (MSE) is developed for each of the scenarios and interpreted from a traffic flow perspective. The methodology for estimating the optimal aggregation size is based on (1) the tradeoff between the estimated mean square error of prediction and the variance of the predictor, (2) the differences between estimation and forecasting, and (3) the direct consideration of the correlation between link travel time for corridor/route estimation and forecasting. The proposed methods are demonstrated using travel time data from Houston, Texas, that were collected as part of the automatic vehicle identification (AVI) system of the Houston Transtar system. It was found that the optimal aggregation size is a function of the application and traffic condition.

Regulation of the informal transport sector in Rio de Janeiro,Brazil: welfare impacts and policy analysis

In Brazil, the explosion of informal transport activity during the past decade has had profound effects on formal public transport systems and is a source of great controversy in the urban transportation sector. A variety of policies have been proposed to manage the growth of the sector. This study seeks to understand how proposed policies will impact the users of these systems. A corridor in Rio de Janeiro with substantial informal activity was used as a case study. Measures of welfare changes in a discrete choice framework were used to estimate proposed policies’ impacts on users. Eleven candidate policies were evaluated, ranging from the eradication of the informal modes and investment in formal modes, to the legalization of the informal modes. Benefits were compared with costs and the distribution of benefits across income classes was explored. Net benefits from some policies were found to be substantial. Legalizing the informal sector was found to benefit users slightly but further investments in the sector are probably inefficient. Users benefited most from improvements in formal mass transit modes, at roughly 100–200 dollars per commuter per year. Finally, policies to foster a competitive environment for the delivery of both informal and formal services were shown to benefit users about 100 dollars per commuter per year. Together, the regulation of the informal sector and investments in the formal sector serve to reinforce the movement towards competitive concessions for services and help reduce the impacts of cartelization and costly in-road competition.

不同碳材料对挥发性有机气体的吸附性能研究

本文以苯、正庚烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、氟利昂22(F22)作为VOCs代表物质,考察了不同碳材料对VOCs的吸附能力。试验结果表明:不同碳材料对苯、正庚烷、1,2-二氯乙烷的吸附呈现出相似规律。在相同的吸附条件下,吸附能力是球形活性炭>常规活性碳>改性活性碳纤维>活性炭纤维,同一种碳材料对三种代表物质的吸附能力为:正庚烷>苯>1,2-二氯乙烷。几种碳材料对F22的吸附能力很差。     

船用便携式隔离放大器盒故障诊断装置的设计与实现

船用隔离放大器盒负责采集推进电机的前、后电枢电流信号进行处理,从而平衡电机的电枢电流,以保证电机的平稳运行。本文通过分析隔离放大器盒的特性,研制出一种便携式隔离放大器盒故障诊断装置。经试验证明,该装置体积小、操作方便、故障定位准确,能实现故障的船员级修理,提高故障判定速度。