空心四面块体促淤堤近底水动力特性试验研究*

依据长江口某促淤工程的设计条件及物理模型试验方法对空心四面块体促淤堤近底水动力特性开展研究。结果表明：1）近底紊动强度最大值所在位置、近底水平时均流速最小值所在位置以及近底水平时均流动方向的转变位置基本重合;2）对于某种具体堤型而言,在相同单宽流量条件下,随着相对水深的变化（至少在本文试验范围内）,其紊动强度最大值所在位置比较稳定;3）与抛石加护面块体促淤堤相比,透水性较好的堤身结构近底紊动强度最大值所在位置会更加远离堤轴线,可使局部冲刷坑更加远离堤轴线,对堤身结构稳定有益。     

Design and validation of a slender guideway for Maglev vehicle by simulation and experiment

Normally, Maglev (magnetic levitation) vehicles run on elevated guideways. The elevated guideway must satisfy various load conditions of the vehicle, and has to be designed to ensure ride quality, while ensuring that the levitation stability of the vehicle is not affected by the deflection of the guideway. However, because the elevated guideways of Maglev vehicles in South Korea and other countries fabricated so far have been based on over-conservative design criteria, the size of the structures has increased. Further, from the cost perspective, they are unfavourable when compared with other light rail transits such as monorail, rubber wheel, and steel wheel automatic guided transit. Therefore, a slender guideway that does have an adverse effect on the levitation stability of the vehicle is required through optimisation of design criteria. In this study, to predict the effect of various design parameters of the guideway on the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle, simulations were carried out using a dynamics model similar to the actual vehicle and guideway, and a limiting value of deflection ratio of the slender guideway to ensure levitation control is proposed. A guideway that meets the requirement as per the proposed limit for deflection ratio was designed and fabricated, and through a driving test of the vehicle, the validity of the slender guideway was verified. From the results, it was confirmed that although some increase in airgap and cabin acceleration was observed with the proposed slender guideway when compared with the conventional guideway, there was no notable adverse effect on the levitation stability and ride quality of the vehicle. Therefore, it can be inferred that the results of this study will become the basis for establishing design criteria for slender guideways of Maglev vehicles in future.     

Pressure model based coordinated control of VGT and dual-loop EGR in a diesel engine air-path system

This paper describes a pressure-model-based coordinated control method of a variable geometry turbine (VGT) and dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in a diesel engine air-path system. Conventionally, air fraction or burnt gas fraction states are controlled for the control of dual-loop EGR systems, but fraction control is not practical since sensors for fractions are not available on production engines. In fact, there is still great controversy over how best to select control outputs for dual-loop EGR systems. In this paper, pressure and mass flow states are chosen as control outputs without fraction states considering the availability and reliability of sensors. A coordinated controller based on the simple control-oriented model is designed with practical aspects, which is applicable for simultaneous operations of high pressure (HP) EGR, low pressure (LP) EGR, and VGT. In addition, the controller adopts the method of input-output linearization using back-stepping to solve the chronic problems of conventional pressure-based controllers such as coupling effects between operations of HP EGR, and VGT. The control performance is verified by simulation based on the proven GT-POWER model of a heavy-duty 6000cc diesel engine air-path.     

Trigger algorithm of vehicle automatic crash notification system

The Automatic Crash Notification (ACN) system is an effective technology to decrease the crash response time, improve the level of post-accident rescue and alleviate the severity of injuries. To realize this system, a vehicle terminal is developed. And based on a moving window integral algorithm, the trigger algorithm of ACN system is designed. By comparing the effect of different window widths on the trigger algorithm, we select the window width of the moving window integral algorithm as 8 ms. After system is triggered, different notify types was determined according to the change of velocity in the moving window. A sled impact simulation test shows that the impact can be identified rapidly and also the notify types can be judged by the trigger algorithm. A vehicle road test proves that the ACN system has no false trigger cases. The outcomes of this study support identifications of accidents and crash severities for both occupants and emergency centers.     

矩形盾构隧道管片衬砌施工期结构性能的现场试验研究： 结合上海虹桥临空11-3地块地下连接通道工程

本文以国内首条矩形盾构隧道工程为背景,对矩形盾构衬砌结构在整个施工期的荷载及结构响应进行现场追踪测试,探索衬砌结构在施工期的主要受力阶段、结构外荷载及其响应随时间的变化规律,以全面掌握矩形盾构隧道衬砌结构在施工期的受力行为。研究结果表明： 1）衬砌结构在施工期的受力可划分为自重阶段、脱出盾尾阶段、同步注浆阶段和稳定荷载阶段; 2）脱出盾尾阶段和同步注浆阶段的结构外荷载分别为稳定荷载阶段的1.5~3.0倍和1.5~2.5倍,为衬砌结构在施工期的2个不利受力阶段; 3）稳定荷载阶段的结构外荷载及其分布与理论计算较为吻合; 4）衬砌结构在施工期的内力基本满足左右对称,内力分布特征与运营阶段基本一致。     

Experimental study on piston- and sloshing- mode moonpool resonances

An experimental study was performed on the piston- and sloshing-mode moonpool resonances of offshore structures. Two different geometries were considered to investigate the flow characteristics in a plain moonpool and a moonpool with a cofferdam. To examine the efficiency of a cofferdam for reducing the flow in a moonpool, three cofferdam geometries were tested. The plain moonpool presented violent flows as a result of the piston- and sloshing-mode resonances. However, the moonpool with the cofferdam introduced violent sloshing waves instead of the ascent and descent of the water column in the piston-mode moonpool resonance. Among three different cofferdam geometries, the model with a right triangle facing to the left on the top of the cofferdam was most effective in reducing the flow in the moonpool when compared with the other models.     

里程延长型电动汽车实现方法探究

为了延长电动汽车的续驶里程,在动力系统中加入了动力辅助单元(APU)。介绍了不同的APU组成和相应的控制策略、延长里程的方式和相应的实验结果并得出结论,证明该方法的有效性与实用性。     

面向售后的汽车设计开发方法

为提高汽车产品的质量,文章描述了售后工程在设计开发阶段的概念和方法,引入了"良好的售后源于开发"的理念,并介绍了如何将这些方法应用到汽车开发流程中。售后工程的方法和流程增加了汽车自主开发的一个环节。     

瞬态瑞雷波法在地基固结效果检测中的应用

基于软土固结中剪切波速增值与固结度的关系理论,介绍了将瑞雷波测试技术与室内土工试验成果相结合,检测分析软土地基固结效果的方法.将该检测方法应用于路基工程中,并与原位孔隙水压力监测成果对比分析,说明该方法是可靠的.     

汶川地震后对我国结构工程抗震的几点思考

通过前两位作者前后两次赴汶川地震灾区进行考察调研,获取了震害的第一手资料。首先阐述了汶川地震的特点,分析了结构工程特别是桥梁工程震害产生的原因;研究了桥型与抗震性能的关系,提出在不同场地和不同条件下应采用不同的桥型、高烈度地震区的适宜桥跨结构型式应进行深入研究;探讨了桥梁结构的抗震设防标准问题,建议对重要性公路桥梁,采用中震不坏的设计原则;讨论了概念设计与抗震构造措施对桥梁抗震的重要性;提出应重视减隔震耗能技术在桥梁工程中的应用;根据国外的经验,建议对桥梁结构的抗震评价与加固技术进行深入的探讨和研究;探讨了我国在灾害的应急决策机制、防灾减灾政策和技术研究等方面存在的问题;最后,针对目前我国结构抗震中存在的问题,提出了相应的建议。