订单“荒”岁月

中国造船企业如何才能搭上开往春天的地铁?2012年,造船市场寒意更浓,订单的枯竭,保本的成交价格、接二连三船厂倒闭的消息围剿着这个已经不再淡定的领域。断腕求生,要么偃旗息鼓,如同非洲马赛马拉大草原迁徙中的角马,只有与鳄鱼凶猛搏斗,"剩"到最后,才能到达水草丰美的伊甸园,享受到下一个春天的温暖。     

Hybrid process of fabricating high-quality micro wine-glass fused silica resonators

A new hybrid method, which combines improved glass-blown technology with wet etching, is reported to fabricate micro wine-glass resonators with high-quality fused silica. The optimum placement is compared to achieve the resonators with good shell shape. The typical shell diameter is about 4mm and its thickness covers from dozens to hundreds of micrometers. The etching rates in corrosion solutions with different ratios and at different thicknesses of hemispherical shells are studied. We also conclude how to precisely control the thickness. The corrosion solutions with different ratios of HF solution to NH₄F solution make the spherical shells rougher in different degrees. The best roughness is 0.581 nm in the 1: 8 ratio corrosion solution while the original roughness is 0.537 nm. This fact shows that the resonator remains atomically smooth surface. Based on the glassblowing spherical fused silica structure, the thickness of the resonator is effectively controlled by buffered oxide etch (BOE) technology according to the measured etching rate. The measured resonant frequency of the hemispherical shell at ambient pressure and room temperature is 1.75 kHz of rocking mode which is close to the simulated frequency. Using such a low-cost hybrid approach, we can fabricate high-quality microscale resonators in batch.     

电控转向系统直流电机实时故障诊断方法

作为电动助力转向系统和线控转向系统执行元件的电动机,其可靠运行对电控转向汽车的行驶安全至关重要.本文中通过建立永磁直流电机模型和运用带有遗忘因子的递推最小二乘法,提出了一种电控转向系统直流电机故障诊断方法.线控转向实车试验验证的结果表明,该方法可准确、实时地诊断直流电机故障,为电控转向系统的容错控制奠定基础.     

刀豆蛋白A条件化培养基对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞生长的影响

目的研究刀豆蛋白A(concanavalin A,ConA)条件化培养基对体外培养的兔角膜内皮细胞(rabbit corneal endothelial cells,RCECs)生长的影响。方法采用揭取后弹力层及内皮细胞联合组织块法进行RCECs的体外原代培养,分别用含有体积分数为5%、10%、15%、20%ConA的活化大鼠脾细胞条件上清液的RPMI1640培养基进行RCECs原代培养,并用含10%(体积分数)胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)的RPMI1640培养基作为对照。神经烯醇化酶免疫组织化学染色法进行细胞鉴定;噻唑蓝比色法观察各组RCECs生长的状况;SPSS11.0One-way ANOVA及LSD检验进行统计分析。结果成功进行了RCECs的体外培养,培养细胞内神经烯醇化酶阳性表达。ConA条件化培养基各组细胞增殖均高于对照组(P<0.001),且10%、15%ConA条件化培养基组的RCECs细胞数量明显高于其他各实验组(P<0.001)。结论ConA条件化培养基具有促进RCECs生长的作用,可作为培养辅佐剂。     

Simulation and analysis of vehicle stability based on ADAMS/CAR differential brake

To improve the braking safety of automobiles, the author studied the effect of differential brake on the stabilities. To analyze the mechanical characteristics of differential brake, automotive subsystem models were built by applying ADAMS/CAR, and automotive mechanics simulation model was built by setting the main subsystems such as body, engine and brake. The simulation model studied the distribution mode of three kinds of differential brake, and beeline braking stability and turning braking stability were simulated. It shows that differential brake can amend turning shortage of automobile brake and improve its braking stability, but the effect of automobile mass on its braking stability is great. So the distribution mode of braking force and the effect of mass change should be considered while differential brake is applied.     

Role of candesartan against cerebral ischemia and oxidative damage in normotensive rats

Objective Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ ) contributes to modulating blood pressure by stimulation of Ang Ⅱ AT1 receptors. We devised a rat transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to assess whether oxidative damage is decreased after pretreatment with Angiotensin Ⅱ AT1 receptor blocker (ARB). Methods After 2 weeks pretreatment with ARB 0. 5 and 1 mg/kg, the male Wister rats were subjected to 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 24 h, the lumen diameter of middle cerebral artery, the plasma level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and HIF-1 a levels were recorded and compared. Results After pretrcatment with ARB 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, blood pressure did not significantly change compared with that of controls. In the group of candesartan at 1 mg/(kg· day), the lumen diameter was significantly increased compared to that in control group [(86.0±5.0) μm vs. (69.0± 2.1) μm; P<0. 01, n = 6- 8]. The plasma 8-OHdG levels of ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. In immunohistochemical findings, 8-OHdG- and HIF-1α-containing cells in ARB pretreatment groups were decreased. Conclusion Brain ischemia and oxidative damage can be reversed by AT1 receptor blockade in normotensive rats after transient cerebral artery occlusion.     

EA4T车轴钢的超声冲击表面强化

利用超声冲击设备对EA4T车轴钢进行了表面强化处理.采利用金相显微镜和透射电镜表征了车轴钢表面结构的变化,并对超声冲击处理前后试样表面粗糙度和显微硬度进行了分析.结果表明:经超声冲击处理后,试样表面发生了剧烈的塑性变形,晶粒明显细化,显微硬度呈梯度化.随着超声冲击功率的增加,变形层厚度增加,粗糙度减小,表面硬度增大;与未经超声冲击处理的试样相比,在超声冲击功率180瓦作用下,表面粗糙度降低了6.5倍,试样的表面硬度提高了25%,变形层厚度大约为80μm.     

护栏高度变化对防撞能力影响研究

护栏高度由于路面加铺罩面而降低,使得其安全防护性能受到影响。利用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件对不同高度下波形梁护栏进行了碰撞仿真实验,量化分析了护栏高度降低与其安全防护能力关系,确定了护栏防撞性能不能满足规范要求的临界高度值。对沿海高速公路原有护栏提出改造方案,并运用计算机仿真证明其符合规范规定。     

基于灰色关联度的船舶风险控制方案多指标评价模型

分析了仅依靠成本效益评估而选择的船舶风险控制方案的片面性,综合考虑安全、环保、经济收益、成本等多因素对方案所表现的影响,建立了基于灰色关联度的船舶风险控制方案多指标评价模型。论文所建立的该模型可以充分利用各方案的指标取值所包含的信息,并考虑专家主观因素对指标重要度的影响,通过主客观综合赋权的方法突出某个指标在方案排序中的作用。以国际海事组织对液化天然气船的综合安全评估报告所提供的风险控制措施为例,使用该模型进行方案优选,并与仅用成本效益评估所得结果比较;分析比较表明:论文所建立的多指标评价模型可以更全面评估风险控制方案,方法合理,使用简便可靠。     

基于有限元分析的舰船轴电流仿真研究

船体由于腐蚀会产生腐蚀电流,腐蚀回路中的轴电流反映了舰船电场的大小。明确了轴电流的等效电路,建立舰船有限元模型,利用ANSYS软件求解分析了轴电流的大小,分析了轴电流等效电路的各主要参数。轴电流等效电路可用于舰船电场预测和阴极保护设计等。