An operational activity-based method to estimate CO2 emissions from container shipping considering empty container repositioning

This paper develops an operational activity-based method to estimate CO₂ emissions from container shipping in contrasts to the traditional aggregated activity-based method. Two case studies investigate the impacts of empty container repositioning policies and port handling capacity on CO₂ emission index. The results show that the aggregated method could well overestimate CO₂ emissions and the operational activity-based method is more appropriate. The paper also demonstrates that high port-handling capacity and efficient empty container repositioning could reduce CO₂ emissions in seaborne container transportation.     

车用柴油机NO_x形成及控制

相对汽油发动机污染物排放,柴油发动机CO和CH的排放较低,不到汽油机的10%,但NOX排放水平却高于汽油发动机。本文重点讨论柴油发动机排气污染物中NOx的成分及危害,分析了NO的生成机理及影响因素,提出了控制柴油机NO排放的技术和方法。     

集料和沥青对沥青混合料车辙性能影响研究

本研究结合盐中、京藏高速沥青路面大修工程,分别选取宁夏地区红砂岩、石灰岩集料,以及宁夏地区常用的几种沥青品牌,进行沥青和集料对沥青混合料抗车辙性能的影响研究,以明确沥青和集料对车辙的影响大小,为宁夏地区材料应用提供技术支持。     

浅谈新形势下高速公路勘察设计管理

文章针对目前高速公路项目存在的遗留缺陷问题多、建设不完全满足运营管理要求、建设运营衔接不够顺畅等一系列问题,从勘察设计角度入手,提出了一系列应对措施,为提高高速公路建设质量水平提供方法参考。     

The identification and empirical characterization of vehicular (Lagrangian) fundamental diagrams in multilane traffic flow

Traditional macroscopic traffic flow modeling framework adopts the spatial–temporal coordinate system to analyze traffic flow dynamics. With such modeling and analysis paradigm, complications arise for traffic flow data collected from mobile sensors such as probe vehicles equipped with mobile phones, Bluetooth, and Global Positioning System devices. The vehicle‐based measurement technologies call for new modeling thoughts that address the unique features of moving measurements and explore their full potential. In this paper, we look into the concept of vehicular fundamental diagram (VFD) and discuss its engineering implications. VFD corresponds to a conventional fundamental diagram (FD) in the kinematic wave (KW) theory that adopts space–time coordinates. Similar to the regular FD in the KW theory, VFD encapsulates all traffic flow dynamics. In this paper, to demonstrate the full potential of VFD in interpreting multilane traffic flow dynamics, we generalize the classical Edie's formula and propose a direct approach of reconstructing VFD from traffic measurements in the vehicular coordinates. A smoothing algorithm is proposed to effectively reduce the nonphysical fluctuation of traffic states calculated from multilane vehicle trajectories. As an example, we apply the proposed methodology to explore the next‐generation simulation datasets and identify the existence and forms of shock waves in different coordinate systems. Our findings provide empirical justifications and further insight for the Lagrangian traffic flow theory and models when applied in practice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海底盾构隧道孤石爆破预处理关键技术

文章针对基于孤石形状、分布位置的随机性及其高强度,盾构机无法直接掘进通过这一工程难题,在前期物探及钻孔验证的基础上,对钻孔参数和爆破方案设计进行了分析;通过采用对临近隧洞爆破震动跟踪监测和爆破后炮孔取芯验证的方法,总结出了一套针对海底盾构区间孤石爆破预处理的施工方法.     

胶州湾跨海大桥60m箱梁预制施工技术

介绍青岛海湾大桥60 m箱梁预制的施工工艺、技术措施和施工重难点,通过其实施情况来展现该施工技术的可靠性和实用性。     

间歇式拌和站沥青混合料生产配比调试技术探讨

针对拌和机设备的构造、运作原理和沥青混合料材料的特性,提出了满足混合料生产中温度、计量和除尘等要求的设备调整、标定方法。基于间歇式拌合机的运作原理,提出了生产配比调试中热料仓筛分、级配调整、沥青含量确定的一整套方法,为间歇式拌合站生产配比调试提供了技术依据。     

高速公路客户服务系统关键技术和体系结构研究

介绍高速公路服务系统及其关键技术和技术标准,讨论高速公路客户服务系统服务类型和业务流程,并对其体系结构进行分析和研究,结合我国公路交通管理需求和特点,给出实现高速公路客户服务系统的初步方案。     

粗橡胶粒作为集料的沥青混凝土配合比设计

该文通过对粗橡胶粒沥青混凝土存在的问题和性能需求分析,提出粗橡胶粒的技术要求,并进行了相应的混合料级配研究,提出合理的级配范同。在此基础上,文章提出了合理的粗橡胶粒掺量范围,并通过车辙、水稳定性等性能试验验证了混合料设计的合理性。