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在相互竞争的双模式交通系统中,考虑用户异质性,本文探讨了均匀行驶信用券计划对方式划分和帕累托提高特性的影响.在这一计划下,政府首先发布一定数量的行驶信用券,并均匀地分发给每一位出行者,允许出行者根据自身需求在市场中自由购买或出售信用券.根据预先设定的行驶信用券收取规模,使用快速路的出行者将会在经过瓶颈时被收取一定数量的信用券.研究结果表明,均匀行驶信用券计划总能让一部分快速路出行者转向地铁模式;对于同质用户来说,无论信用券收取数量多少,帕累托提高特性始终成立,然而对于异质用户来说,只有当行驶信用券收取数量小于某一临界值时,帕累托提高特性才能满足.     

模糊广义系统的静态输出反馈控制

分析模糊广义系统的稳定性,利用模糊Lyapunov泛函方法,给出了一类T-S模糊广义系统的容许性条件,并利用静态输出反馈对该系统进行控制,通过求解严格的线性矩阵不等式,得到模糊广义系统可以通过输出反馈控制的充分条件,并保证闭环系统的容许性和满足一定的性能指标．通过数值仿真验证了结论的正确性以及分析方法的有效性．     

拉索高强镀锌平行钢丝摩擦系数的进一步确定

准确识别斜拉索内平行钢丝间的摩擦系数值是确定拉索局部弯曲应力大小的必要的前提条件。为了进一步精确测定斜拉索高强镀锌平行钢丝摩擦系数值,利用自行设计的装置在所需加力范围内对钢丝施加正压力,所施加的正压力可以达到实桥中拉索工作时所受的正压力值的大小,在加力范围内,测定出一系列钢丝间的摩擦系数值。试验结果表明:随着正压压力的增大,斜拉索内高强镀锌平行钢丝的摩擦系数明显降低;但当压力增大到较大值时摩擦系数的降幅明显减缓。     

级配碎石图像的碎石颗粒提取

本文介绍一种以蓝色为背景拍摄离散碎石图像、利用彩色图像的蓝色调视图提取碎石颗粒图像的方法,给出由彩色图像的R、G、B分量求蓝色调视图灰度的计算式.试验结果表明,这种提取颗粒图像的方法可获得较好的效果,并且对图像拍摄时的光照条件不敏感.     

基于小客车燃油核算模型的政策节能效果分析

近年来,快速增长的私人小客车带来的能耗排放问题日益严重,如何构建面向私人小客车的燃油核算模型,分析不同需求管理政策的宏观节能效果,是解决城市交通节能减排问题的关键.本文针对传统私人小客车能耗调查方式所获得数据准确性较差、无法满足精细化管理的问题,利用现有调查数据和监测数据,基于“OLS(Ordinary Least Square) +稳健标准差” 验证法,分析油耗显著性影响因素,提出基于交通大数据的私人小客车能耗核算模型,以实测数据验证其可靠性和有效性,并分析了不同交通需求管理政策(含组合政策)宏观节能效果.结果表明,当政策效果指标变化率相同时,实行“拥堵收费+控制大排量小客车数量”政策对于减少小客车燃油消耗总量的效果最为明显.     

公共交通双源无轨电车电源系统承载能力计算方法

面向公共交通双源无轨电车运行规划,针对其电源系统承载能力评估问题,从线网电源与车载储能电源两方面入手,分析影响电源系统供电能力的约束条件.首先,建立典型拓扑下线网电源供电能力计算模型,同时基于数据统计及最小二乘参数辨识方法,确立计及多车行驶工况的双源无轨电车功率需求模型,提出以可行驶车辆数为指标的线网电源系统承载能力计算方法.然后,建立车载储能电源承载能力计算模型,提出以脱线比为核心指标的车载储能电源系统承载能力计算方法.最后,基于北京市双源无轨电车运行数据进行实例分析,计算结果与仿真的对比验证了模型的准确性,计算方法能够为双源无轨电车运行规划提供依据.     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

Multi-Band Hybrid Mobile Phone Antenna Based on Electromagnetic Coupling

This research presents a multi-band hybrid mobile phone antenna based on electromagnetic coupling,which can be applied to mobile handheld devices, occupying a small board space of 39.7 mm × 15.6 mm on the system circuit board. By adding resonant and coupled branch instead of multi-feed on the traditional bent antenna,this design provides four wide operating bands of 0.772—0.998 GHz, 1.540—1.600 GHz, 1.680—2.270 GHz and2.300—2.690 GHz with the hybrid feature of planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA), L-shape, U-shape and S-shape structures, which cover nine-band, i.e., GSM850, GSM900, GPS1575, DCS1800, PCS1900, IMT200, LTE2300,LTE2600 and Blue Tooth/Wi-Fi. Ansoft software HFSS is used in this research to make the antenna performance better and the operating principle of the proposed antenna is described in detail. Result of simulation reveals that the maximum gains of these four wide bands are 2.20,-0.99, 4.01 and 4.05 dBi, respectively. Moreover, this research also tests the return loss(S11) of the fabricated antenna with the vector network analyzer and the result is in accordance with the simulation result on the whole. There are four wide resonant frequencies which cover nine-band of wireless wide area network(WWAN), wireless local area network(WLAN) and long term evolution(LTE), when the available bandwidth is better than 6 d Bi return loss.     

基于物联网技术的地铁机电设备全寿命周期管理系统

地铁运营设备种类繁多,其中机电设备在设备管理中占据重要的地位。而物联网技术的发展实现了多领域、多模块、多方向的信息互联共享,面对各个维度数据交融建立合理的分析管理平台是今后智慧城市智慧地铁的发展趋势。基于郑州地铁运营的设备管理体系,拓展全景信息支撑平台、状态监视、在线预警、智能诊断、状态评价、风险预测、检修决策以及绩效评估等方向。搭建地铁机电设备的大数据管理系统框架,通过现有的数据构成利用机器学习算法有效地进行数据挖掘。同时针对全生命周期成本分析、运维检修决策、风险量化评估3个方向进行算法模型分析,从而获取地铁机电设备的相关潜在规律,为决策层提供更多有价值的信息。     

路面结冰监测技术研究进展

路面结冰显著降低了路面抗滑能力,极易诱发交通事故.路面结冰自动监测和及时预警对于保障行车安全具有重要意义.结冰监测技术主要依靠各种类型的结冰传感器实现结冰的感知和预报.目前结冰传感器主要有光纤式、电学式、机械式、红外式等不同类型.对各种结冰监测技术进行了总结,并探讨了这些技术在道路工程中应用的可行性.