Improvement of the second order approximation of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as a fully Lagrangian particle method, has been successfully applied to astrophysical problems and extended to elastic dynamics and computational fluid dynamics.High order derivatives have to be approximated when elastic dynamics problems are modeled. However, the approximation errors in SPH could lead to computational failure in the case that the order of derivative is high.A novel method was proposed in order to improve the accuracy of SPH method, which shows the relationship between the selected functions and their SPH approximations. The entire involved system was represented by a finite number of particles that carry individual mass and occupy individual space, and the integral interpolation was approximated by a summation interpolation. In addition, error comparison was made between SPH method with and without the present improvement.     

Energy-aware load-balaning fault-tolerant routing scheme for ad hoc sensor networks

Most routing protocols for sensor networks try to extend network lifetime by minimizing the energy consumption, but have not taken the network reliability into account. An energy-aware, load-balancing and fault-tolerant routing scheme, termed as ELFR was propsed to adapt to the harsh environment. First a network robustness model was presented. Based on this model, the route discovery phase was designed to make the sensors to construct into a hop-leveled network which is mesh structure. A cross-layer design was adopted to measure the transmission delay so as to detect the failed nodes. The routing scheme works with acknowledge （ACK） feedback mechanism to transfer control messages to avoid producing extra control overhead messages. When nodes fail, the new healthy paths will be selected locally without rerouting. Simulation results show that our scheme is much robust, and it achieves better energy efficiency, load balancing and maintains good end-to-end delay.     

高职公共英语教学中学生信息素质培养

信息素质是人才综合素质的重要内容之一,因此学生信息素质的培养是当前教育部门必须承担的重要任务和社会责任。以培养应用型人才为目标的高等职业院校责无旁贷。本文通过信息素质这一概念的引入,介绍信息素质培养的主要内容,调查和分析了高等职业院校学生信息素质的现状,从公共英语教学这一特定角度探讨了学生信息素质培养的方法及途径。     

轮轨冲击对构架疲劳的影响

以三轴机车转向架构架为例,建立其轮轨冲击的运动微分方程,通过龙格-库塔积分法得到了轮轨冲击的载荷时间历程,分析了轮轨动态冲击对构架疲劳寿命的影响。利用有限单元法建立了轮对、构架、车体的整体有限元模型,采用瞬态动力学分析得到构架危险点的应力时间历程,结合材料的S-N曲线以及疲劳损伤累积准则,进行了构架的疲劳寿命计算,得到轮轨低接头冲击下构架疲劳寿命。分析结果表明:构架的应力响应并不与轮轨处的激励同时达到最大,且在激励结束后有一较长的响应过程;轮轨冲击对构架的疲劳影响较大,尤其对轴箱弹簧座处的侧梁下盖板的寿命影响最为显著,在25·0m轨长的错牙接头作用下,其疲劳寿命为5·15×106km。     

磁通门罗盘的数字信号处理方法

为提高磁通门罗盘的指向精度和稳定性,提出了磁通门罗盘的数字信号处理方法。利用微处理器直接产生激励信号,通过模数转换采集磁通门传感器感应的磁场信号,对所采集的原始信息进行傅里叶变换获取偶次谐波,得到罗盘方位值。计算结果表明:二次谐波的波形幅度在各偶次谐波中最大,其提取精度至少提高5倍,而且采用多个偶次谐波并行使用解算方位的方法,降低了原始噪声,增大了原始信息的利用率,提高了磁通门传感器的灵敏度,因此,数字信号处理方法可行。     

AQP4在COPD支气管黏膜的表达及其与患者肺功能、气道黏膜炎症的相关性

目的通过免疫组化法检测支气管黏膜中水通道蛋白-4(aquaporin-4,AQP4)的表达,观察正常组和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)组支气管黏膜中AQP4表达与气道黏膜炎症及肺功能的关系,明确AQP4在COPD发生、发展中的作用,为COPD的防治开辟新途径。方法选择正常人和COPD患者各30例,测试肺功能,并行支气管镜检查,取得支气管黏膜标本,用免疫组化法检测AQP4表达,HE染色观察支气管黏膜炎症细胞浸润程度。结果COPD组较对照组AQP4表达减弱有极显著差异(P<0.001)。AQP4表达和FEV1/FVC、FEV1/pred%呈正相关(P<0.001),与支气管黏膜炎症严重程度呈负相关(P<0.001)。结论COPD患者AQP4表达减少可能是其肺功能下降及气道炎症加重的原因之一。临床上可以通过改善AQP4治疗COPD。     

多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-Em14-3-3疫苗的构建及其表达效率

目的构建多房棘球绦虫(Em)重组双歧杆菌(Bb)-Em14-3-3疫苗,并研究Em14-3-3分子在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中的表达效率。方法通过PCR扩增Em14-3-3抗原编码基因;将该基因定向克隆于含有谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)基因的大肠埃希菌-双歧杆菌穿梭表达载体pGEX-1λT,构建重组质粒pGEX-Em14-3-3;用电穿孔法将该质粒导入Bb,构建多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-Em14-3-3疫苗。经PCR和酶切鉴定后以IPTG诱导表达Em14-3-3/GST融合蛋白;SDS-PAGE及Western blot对表达产物进行鉴定。结果PCR成功扩增出530 bp的Em14-3-3基因;双酶切证实Em14-3-3基因插入pGEX-1λT中;PCR证实重组Bb-Em14-3-3疫苗构建成功;SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析显示重组质粒转化宿主菌在IPTG诱导下高效表达了Em14-3-3/GST融合蛋白,表达效率为23%。结论成功构建了多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-Em14-3-3疫苗,重组质粒pGEX-Em14-3-3在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,Western blot结果提示表达出的Em14-3-3重组蛋白具有特异抗原性。     

碎石桩处理高液限土地基的离心试验研究

高液限土是一种对工程有害的特殊土。为了处治高液限土地基,对室内土工离心模型试验进行分析,利用离心机产生离心力场,提高模型土体的体积力,形成人工重力。模拟高液限土地基在碎石桩处理后的固结性状,观测地基模型的变形和沉降。试验结果表明,碎石桩复合地基措施确实能改善地基的受力和变形性状,极大增强地基的稳定性。     

浅析隧道车道功能划分

分析了影响车道功能划分的主要因素。以南京长江隧道为例介绍了确定隧道车道功能的计算方法,并给出了南京长江隧道车道划分模型。     

混凝土施工裂缝的控制

在道路施工中混凝土经常会出现遇度裂缝,影响到结构的整体性和耐久性。在路面的使用过程中,温度变化对结构的应力状态具有显著影响。在大体积混凝土施工中,对温度应力及温度控制具有重要意义。从分析混凝土裂缝的产生原因入手,对温度应力的形成过程进行论述,从而提出控制混凝土裂缝的措施。