A random utility maximization (RUM) based dynamic activity scheduling model: Application in weekend activity scheduling

The paper presents a modeling framework for dynamic activity scheduling. The modeling framework considers random utility maximization (RUM) assumption for its components in order to capture the joint activity type, location and continuous time expenditure choice tradeoffs over the course of the day. The dynamics of activity scheduling process are modeled by considering the history of activity participation as well as changes in time budget availability over the day. For empirical application, the model is estimated for weekend activity scheduling using a dataset (CHASE) collected in Toronto in 2002–2003. The data set classifies activities into nine general categories. For the empirical model of a 24-h weekend activity scheduling, only activity type and time expenditure choices are considered. The estimated empirical model captures many behavioral details and gives a high degree of fit to the observed weekend scheduling patterns. Some examples of such behavioral details are the effects of time of the day on activity type choice for scheduling and on the corresponding time expenditure; the effects of travel time requirements on activity type choice for scheduling and on the corresponding time expenditure, etc. Among many other findings, the empirical model reveals that on the weekend the utility of scheduling Recreational activities for later in the day and over a longer duration of time is high. It also reveals that on the weekend, Social activity scheduling is not affected by travel time requirements, but longer travel time requirements typically lead to longer-duration social activities.     

Analyzing the time frame for the transition from leisure-cyclist to commuter-cyclist

A recent survey reported that many commuter-cyclists had enjoyed leisure bicycling on a regular basis prior to becoming a commuter-cyclist. While bicycling for leisure, it is assumed that they considered various factors that led them to consider becoming commuter-cyclists. This study began with the question of how long it would take for a leisure-cyclist to become a commuter-cyclist, and it focused on the time that elapsed between leisure-cyclists transitioning to commuter-cycling. In order to analyze the time frame, it was hypothesized that the probability that a leisure-cyclist would become a commuter-cyclist at a certain time would be conditional on the duration that elapsed from the onset of leisure cycling till that time, which represents the “snowballing” or “inertial” dynamics of duration. A robust methodology, which is known as the “hazard model,” was adopted to accommodate such characteristics of a time period. In addition, various external covariates such as individual-specific characteristics, variables associated with the current or previous commuting mode, supply variables regarding bicycle facilities, and individual latent propensities were adopted to account for the duration of changes that would be generally applicable. As a result, many useful results were derived that could be used in fomenting policies to promote cycling to work. It was found that government should invest in establishing segregated lanes for leisure- and commuter-cyclists. It also turned out that a long distance to work hinders a leisure-cyclist from progressing to commuter-cycling. According to the results, young white-collar workers who live in high-rise apartments and enjoy intensive leisure-cycling in groups, are a good target toward whom promotions for commuter-cycling should be focused. However, an unfortunate development was that, when compared with car-commuters, it was found that transit-commuters are more likely to become commuter-cyclists.     

隧道专用特种压力循环注浆锚固装置及施工工艺的研究

文章针对目前砂浆锚杆存在的问题,介绍了一种具有螺旋杆体、止浆装置和排气管、并可监控注浆压力的锚杆注浆系统。通过模拟试验和现场实践证明,该装置可方便可靠地实现全螺旋砂浆锚杆的有压注浆,具有不失浆、不漏浆以及注浆饱满等特点;且注浆施工工艺操作简单,解决了当前普通砂浆锚杆在施工中不能安装配件和注浆效果差等问题。     

基于模糊滑模控制的异步电机DTC系统设计

针对常规直接转矩控制系统转矩脉冲大的缺点,提出了一种结合模糊滑模控制和空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)技术的直接转矩控制系统方案。该系统用模糊滑模控制器取代常规直接转矩系统中磁链、转矩的滞环控制器,并用空间矢量脉宽技术实现系统控制。利用MATLAB建立其离散系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明:该系统能明显的减小磁链和转矩脉动,改善控制系统性能。     

强国征程 中流砥柱

市场萧条,运力过剩,航运业在极度严寒中苦苦挣扎。危难之际,中国政府再施援手．挽狂澜于既倒．加速出台救市措施步伐,拯救身陷泥淖的航运业。4月28日,国家发改委“中国远洋运输发展战略“课题组莅临中国船级社．就国家海运发展战略以及中国船级社的独特作用进行专题调研。国家战略级规划的高度关注,再一次将中国船级社推到了聚光灯下。     

石灰改良膨胀土的强度特性试验研究

石灰作为一种外加剂,用来改良膨胀土作为路基的填料,但石灰改良土击实曲线比较平缓,最优含水率较难确定,而且,在最优含水率附近压实是否就能达到较高的强度,也难以确定。针对该问题,对不同初始含水率下石灰改良膨胀土的无侧限抗压强度、CBR强度进行试验研究,并对干湿循环影响下的改良膨胀土CBR强度进行试验。结果表明:石灰改良膨胀土在初始填筑含水率稍大于击实曲线所反应的最优含水率情况下能够达到较高的强度,建议在实际施工中充分考虑初始含水率这一填筑条件对石灰改良土改良效果的影响。     

船舶交通监管设施综合配置的因素研究

文中利用决策学知识,结合综合配置的特点,对决定船舶交通监管设施综合配置的因素进行了研究．、研究发现,通航环境、船舶交通监管业务量、水域内的交通流量是影响综合配置的重要决定因素。     

遗传退火算法在木兰溪防洪工程软基沉降预测中的应用研究

基于自然进化原理的遗传算法是一种解决岩土工程复杂非线性问题十分有前景的方法。然而遗传算法容易陷入局部收敛,对遗传算法进行改进加入退火因子解决了这一问题。软土地基沉降受众多因素的影响,在时序上表现出复杂的非线性特征。针对木兰溪防洪工程的沉降预测问题,运用MATLAB编写模拟遗传退火算法程序进行了预测分析。计算结果与实测资料基本一致,它在全局优化、非线性优化、多参数优化等方面表现出了传统算法无法比拟的优势。