Simulating the impacts of household travel on greenhouse gas emissions,urban air quality,and population exposure

This paper establishes a link between an activity-based model for the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), dynamic traffic assignment, emission modelling, and air quality simulation. This provides agent-based output that allows vehicle emissions to be tracked back to individuals and households who are producing them. In addition, roadway emissions are dispersed and the resulting ambient air concentrations are linked with individual time-activity patterns in order to assess population exposure to air pollution. This framework is applied to evaluate the effects of a range of policy interventions and 2031 scenarios on the generation of vehicle emissions and greenhouse gases in the GTA. Results show that the predicted increase of approximately 2.6 million people and 1.3 million jobs in the region by 2031 compared to 2001 levels poses a major challenge in achieving meaningful reductions in GHGs and air pollution.     

Isolating high-priority metro and feeder bus transfers using smart card data

Fixed-rail metro (or ‘subway’) infrastructure is generally unable to provide access to all parts of the city grid. Consequently, feeder bus lines are an integral component of urban mass transit systems. While passengers prefer a seamless transfer between these two distinct transportation services, each service’s operations are subject to a different set of factors that contribute to metro-bus transfer delay. Previous attempts to understand transfer delay were limited by the availability of tools to measure the time and cost associated with passengers’ transfer experience. This paper uses data from smart card systems, an emerging technology that automatically collects passenger trip data, to understand transfer delay. The primary objective of this study is to use smart card data to derive a reproducible methodology that isolates high priority transfer points between the metro system and its feeder-bus systems. The paper outlines a methodology to identify transfer transactions in the smart card dataset, estimate bus headways without the aid of geographic location information, estimate three components of the total transfer time (walking time, waiting time, and delay time), and isolate high-priority transfer pairs. The paper uses smart card data from Nanjing, China as a case study. The results isolate eight high priority metro-bus transfer pairs in the Nanjing metro system and finally, offers several targeted measures to improve transfer efficiency.     

替代燃料的燃料消耗量计算方法

文章介绍了碳平衡原理的两个方面,燃烧和稀释前后的碳质量不变。介绍了完全燃烧后的CO2理论浓度和稀释倍数以及用稀释倍数校正稀释排气的方法,介绍了由碳质量分数推导替代燃料碳质量分数和当量分子式的方法,最后推导得出了可用于替代燃料的燃料消耗量计算公式。     

钢桥面GA＋SMA铺装结构材料性能优化

对底面层浇筑式沥青混凝土（GA）加上面层改性沥青SMA这一钢桥面典型铺装结构进行沥青混凝土材料性能优化,研制出一种用于钢桥面SMA铺装的胶结料—高弹沥青,开发出一种可以有效降低GA施工温度的专用聚合物改性沥青。对高弹改性SMA以及聚合物改性沥青GA进行了试验验证,结果表明：高弹改性沥青SMA10的-10℃低温弯曲破坏应变达到11 596.8με,比SBS改性沥青SMA10高约50%,疲劳寿命比普通沥青混合料高约20倍;聚合物改性沥青GA10相比岩沥青改性沥青等GA常用胶结料,在油石比降低5个百分点并保证良好的施工和易性基础上降低拌和温度40℃,且60℃静态贯入度、动态贯入度与岩沥青改性沥青GA10、湖沥青改性沥青GA10相差不大。     

富水区地铁深基坑渗漏治理方案探讨

为探讨地下连续墙发生渗漏时的治理方案,结合富水区地铁深基坑开挖实例,对施工现场实际情况、渗漏原因、施工工序、施工难度及周边环境等因素进行综合分析比较,提出多种应对方案,为深基坑工程施工提供了借鉴和参考.     

车用冷却风扇安装位置对其性能影响的分析研究

根据某重型车用环形风扇的实际风筒试验过程建立了该风扇风筒仿真模型,并将计算结果与试验数据进行了比较,验证了模型的可靠性.利用该模型对不同风扇的轴向伸入距离、径向间隙进行仿真分析.结果表明,轴向伸入距离和径向间隙对风扇性能的影响十分显著:该风扇轴向伸入距离为75 mm、径向间隙为25 mm是较合理的安装距离:不同的轴向伸入距离对径向间隙的要求是不同的.     

基于模糊PI控制策略的电动汽车无离合器两挡变速控制

针对电动汽车低速大转矩的要求,提出了一种无离合器两挡变速电动汽车PMSM驱动控制方案,即基于转速模糊PI参数自整定的PMSM矢量控制系统,以期改善电动汽车高低速控制性能.仿真与实验结果表明,该系统克服了PMSM矢量控制系统传统转速PI控制中存在的超调量大、响应速度慢等缺点,通过转速跟踪实现了电动汽车无离合器的换挡,提高了电动汽车在各种路况下的实用性.     

九江长江公路大桥北塔下横梁施工方案研究

九江长江公路大桥主桥采用(70+75+84)m+818 m+(233.5+124.5)m双塔不对称混合梁斜拉桥,H形桥塔塔肢间设上、中、下3道横梁.为确定该桥北塔下横梁施工方案,对同步施工方案、异步施工方案、异步施工+主动横撑方案进行分析.结果表明:异步施工+主动横撑方案结构受力合理、施工工期短、施工风险小,确定为下横梁最终施工方案.经优化,主动横撑采用2根Φ1200 mm×12 mm的螺旋焊管制作,每根施加2000 kN 水平推力,在下横梁第一层混凝土强度达到90％之后,施加第一批横向预应力前撤掉水平推力;采取增加塔柱混凝土凿毛厚度、加强局部振捣的方法,保证新老混凝土结合面混凝土的施工质量.     

生物柴油微粒排放特性试验研究

利用申克动态试验台和静电低压撞击器,对普通柴油机在不同工况下分别燃用柴油(D)、生物柴油(B100)和体积分数分别为20％的生物柴油和80％的柴油混合燃油(B20)时微粒排放的总量和粒径分布进行了研究.结果表明,燃用3种燃油时柴油机排放微粒的浓度均为单峰的对数正态分布,且在低转速下燃用B100时排放的微粒浓度远高于燃用D和B20时的浓度,在高转速下燃用B20时排放的细小颗粒物(粒径＜0.05μm)明显高于其他2种燃油.     

基于力学分析的皮卡车牵引能力研究

本文介绍了一种基于力学分析的皮卡车(也称多用途货车)牵引能力的理论计算和试验方法,得出了决定皮卡车牵引能力的主要因素有:皮卡车动力传动系统能力、驱动形式、结构强度,挂车类型以及道路情况等。经验证,理论计算得到的牵引能力与试验结果一致性较好:通过皮卡车牵引能力的计算和验证,能够有效指导企业进行设计开发,充分发挥皮卡车较强的牵引能力特性,推动皮卡车市场发展。