基于车载测试的CNG汽车微观排放特性研究

为了分析CNG汽车道路排放的微观特性,采用车载排放测试系统,并选取市区主要道路为试验路段进行了实车道路试验。通过试验获取典型车辆的排放数据及行驶状态,分析车辆在实际行驶中的排放特性,为预测不同交通状态下CNG汽车的排放特性和区域排放清单建立提供参考。     

跨越饮用水水源保护区桥梁环境风险预测分析

文章应用溢油扩散模型、漂移模型和粒子跟踪模型等数学模型,对跨越饮用水水源保护区桥梁的油品泄漏事故开展定量预测分析及情景模拟预测,提出了针对性的风险防范与应急措施,为跨越敏感水体桥梁的环境影响评价、环保措施设计和风险管理提供科学依据与技术参考。     

地面出入式盾构隧道稳定性控制措施有效性研究

文章以南京地面出入式盾构工程为背景,采用三维有限元模拟了地面出入式盾构隧道的整个施工过程,通过在模型中施加隧道内部压重与地表堆载,研究了两者对控制隧道上浮量、提高隧道稳定性的有效性。分析计算结果与现场监测数据表明:内部压重能够明显地提高隧道的稳定性,且效果比较明显;地表堆载也能在一定程度上减小隧道的上浮量,但其效果没有内部压重明显;施工中应结合现场实际条件,综合采用两者来实现最佳的稳定隧道效果。     

大跨浅埋公路隧道下穿既有建筑施工的沉降控制

厦门机场下穿34号楼隧道工程,隧顶到建筑结构底3 m,属浅埋大跨下穿既有建筑物连拱隧道工程.论文根据工程类比法,采用CRD法优化隧道施工步骤;借助数值分析方法,分析既有建筑的沉降规律,把握了CRD法重点施工步骤.根据现场实测及数值模拟结果,提出了超前注浆、地面硬化及补偿抬升注浆、洞内全断面帷幕注浆、大管棚超前支护等多种施工辅助措施.实践表明,施工过程中既有建筑结构沉降得到有效控制,最终沉降量小于40 mm.     

Hybrid model for prediction of bus arrival times at next station

Effective prediction of bus arrival times is important to advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). Here a hybrid model, based on support vector machine (SVM) and Kalman filtering technique, is presented to predict bus arrival times. In the model, the SVM model predicts the baseline travel times on the basic of historical trips occurring data at given time‐of‐day, weather conditions, route segment, the travel times on the current segment, and the latest travel times on the predicted segment; the Kalman filtering‐based dynamic algorithm uses the latest bus arrival information, together with estimated baseline travel times, to predict arrival times at the next point. The predicted bus arrival times are examined by data of bus no. 7 in a satellite town of Dalian in China. Results show that the hybrid model proposed in this paper is feasible and applicable in bus arrival time forecasting area, and generally provides better performance than artificial neural network (ANN)–based methods. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Existence of self-financing and Pareto-improving congestion pricing: Impact of value of time distribution

This paper considers a static congestion pricing model in which travelers select a mode from either, driving on highway or taking public transit, to minimize a combination of travel time, operating cost and toll. The focus is to examine how travelers’ value of time (VOT), which is continuously distributed in a population, affects the existence of a pricing-refunding scheme that is both self-financing (i.e. requiring no external subsidy) and Pareto-improving (i.e. reducing system travel time while making nobody worse off). A condition that insures the existence of a self-financing and Pareto-improving (SFPI) toll scheme is derived. Our derivation reveals that the toll authority can select a proper SFPI scheme to distribute the benefits from congestion pricing through a credit-based pricing scheme. Under mild assumptions, we prove that an SFPI toll always exists for concave VOT functions, of which the linear function corresponding to the uniform distribution is a special case. Existence conditions are also established for a class of rational functions. These results can be used to analyze more realistic VOT distributions such as log-normal distribution. A useful implication of our analysis is that the existence of an SFPI scheme is not guaranteed for general functional forms. Thus, external subsidies may be required to ensure Pareto-improving, even if policy-makers are willing to return all toll revenues to road users.     

汽车灯丝的断裂形式及特征分析

文章结合汽车灯泡的特性,探讨灯丝在正常使用过程中和肇事碰撞时的断裂形式,并对灯丝的断裂特征和断裂原因进行分析,为交通管理部门进行相关的事故原因调查提供技术支持。     

国道109线倒淌河至大水桥段二级公路生态建设和修复试点工程探讨

结合国道109线倒淌河至大水桥段二级公路生态建设和修复试点工程,详细介绍了生态建设和修复的主要成功经验,并就存在的问题,有针对性地提出改进的意见与建议。     

吉隆坡地铁A标段盾构土舱压力的计算与分析

文章以吉隆坡新捷运工程地下北段A标工程为例,基于Horn的三维楔形体破坏理论,采用极限平衡分析法,推导出了在土压及全水头压力作用下满舱土、半舱土、无土三种状态下土舱压力的计算方法,并采用整体分析与局部分析相结合的方法进行了验证。从计算结果可以看出,影响土舱压力的因素主要有水位高度、覆土厚度、粘聚力、覆土及掌子面处的内摩擦角,并对这五个因素进行了敏感性分析。通过运用该方法计算的土舱压力进行掘进并对现场监控量测数据进行分析,地表沉降均满足相关设计要求。     

Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.