Stress sensitivity analysis and optimization of automobile body frame consisting of rectangular tubes

At conceptual design stage, beam element is extensively used to create the frame structure of automobile body, which can not only archive the accurate stiffness but also reduce much computational cost. However, the stress definition of beam element is very complex so that the stress sensitivity and optimization are difficult to analytically derive and numerically program. This paper presents an solution to this problem and an application in the lightweight optimization design of automobile frame. Firstly, maximal Von Mises stress of rectangular tube is calculated by using the superposition of stress, which is together induced by the axial force, bending moments, torsional moment and shear force. Secondly, the sensitivity of Von Mises Stress with respect to size design variables: breadth, height and thickness are derived, respectively. Thirdly, an optimal criterion is constructed by Lagrangian multiplier method to solve the frame optimization with stress constraints. Lastly, numerical example of car frame proves that the proposed method can guarantee the stress of each beam element almost fully reaches at the yielding stress.     

Estimation of maximum road friction coefficient based on Lyapunov method

With the real time and accurate information of motor torque and rotation speed of the four-in-wheel-motordrive electric vehicles, a slip based algorithm for estimating maximum road friction coefficient is designed using Lyapunov stability theory. Modified Burckhardt tire model is used to describe longitudinal slip property of the tire. By introducing a new state variable, a nonlinear estimator is proposed to estimate the longitudinal tire force and the maximum road friction coefficient simultaneously. With the appropriate selection of estimation gain, the convergence of the estimation error of the tire longitudinal force and maximum road friction coefficient is proved through Lyapunov stability analysis. In addition, the error is exponentially stable near the origin. Finally the method is validated with Carsim-Simulink co-simulation and real vehicle tests under multi working conditions in acceleration situation which demonstrate high computational efficiency and accuracy of this method.     

北京市小汽车发展的外部效应分析

从公共经济学角度,对北京市小汽车的发展进行了外部效应分析,指出了随着保用量的增长,对社会产生负外部效应,提出了矫正小汽车发展外部效应的措施建议,希望能够为有关政府部门制定决策提供理论借鉴。     

尾气分析与汽油发动机系统故障诊断

汽油发动机尾气成分直接与发动机的工作情况有关,对发动机在不同工况下尾气中不同成分气体含照的检测和分析,可以判断发动机各系统工作是否正常,也可以据此埘汽油发动机系统进行故障诊断。本文介绍利用尾气分析结果对发动机各系统进行故障诊断的方法。     

高寒地区客车前风窗玻璃除霜分析及改进

针对客车在高寒地区前风窗玻璃除霜问题,分析原因,提出改进结构方案,并通过各项测试予以验证。     

钢管混凝土拱桥地震响应分析的参数研究

松岙大桥主桥为260 m的钢管混凝土提篮拱桥,以该桥为研究背景分析桥梁结构的地震时程响应,应用MAT-LAB语言编写了3个程序:人造地震动、采用频域积分法将加速度时程转化为位移时程、由确定的加速度时程求其加速度反应谱,并采用SAP2000为计算平台对上述几种情况下的桥梁地震响应做了对比分析。分析结果显示,大跨度桥梁对于不同的地震波、采用不同的阻尼算法、是否考虑结构的行波效应、是否考虑结构的几何非线性其地震响应差别较大,在分析中应针对具体的桥梁结构确定合理的参数与求解方法。     

高等级沥青路面反射裂缝的三维数值分析

路面裂缝前缘应力强度因子是判断裂缝开裂扩展的重要指标,应用有限元软件ANSYS,建立了20节点等参单元有限元模型,采用奇异单元及断裂力学理论,对路面面层反射裂缝进行了数值分析,分析了各层不同模量对面层反射裂缝应力强度因子的影响及裂缝在面层中扩展时应力强度因子的变化规律。计算结果能反映路面破坏的现象和规律,为分析荷载作用下路面反射裂缝的扩展提供依据。     

岭南高速公路治理桥头跳车尝析

公路桥头跳车问题在公路后期使用中危害很大。在我国公路建设中,桥头跳车问题长期以来并未得到很好的解决。高等级公路由于桥头跳车导致的维护费用也很高,而且妨碍了正常高速行车,降低了行车舒适性,甚至引发交通事故,造成了巨大的经济损失。通过在河南分水（岭）至（南）阳高速公路对桥头跳车进行预防控制和分析,希望对治理公路建设质量通病,提高公路建设水平起到有益的作用。     

集料比表面积计算方法探讨

集料比表面积的计算在工程中非常重要,但是规范中只是针对4．75mm以下的颗粒进行了明确的规定。鉴于此．对沥青混合料的理论进行延伸以求较大尺寸颗粒的比表面积,对于实际工程具有十分重要的参考价值。