Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

X射线数字成像技术在长输管道中的应用

针对目前长输管道X射线胶片成像技术劳动强度大、效率低、成本高的缺点,开展了X射线数字成像技术的研究,通过研究以及现场试验确定了该技术在长输管道中应用的可行性。文中通过对该技术原理、现行标准以及现场工程实践应用的分析,表明X射线数字成像技术在长输管道环焊缝检测中结果直观、效率高、成本低。     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

Superpave-13沥青混合料高温稳定性分析

文章结合天水过境高速公路路面实体工程,对不同孔隙率条件下的Super-pave-13高性能沥青混合料进行了车辙试验及SPT试验分析。结果表明,要保证Superpave-13沥青混合料具有较好的高温稳定性,其压实孔隙率应控制在4%～6.5%范围内。     

基于灰色理论的隧道围岩收敛预测

文章根据隧道围岩收敛监测信息,应用灰色系统原理和方法,建立了GM(1,1)模型并进行了预测。预测结果表明,灰色模型预测值与实测值吻合程度较好,能为隧道的动态设计和信息化施工提供决策依据。     

广西高速公路声屏障降噪效果研究

文章结合实地监测结果,对广西高速公路沿线现有各类声屏障的降噪效果进行了分析评估,并提出了相应的高速公路声屏障设计思路及建议。     

电子差速系统轮胎附着特性模拟仿真研究

电子差速系统相对于传统的机械式差速器可以实现转矩的精准分配,根据轮胎的纵向运动特性以及侧向运动特性,结合轮胎滑移率让内外侧车轮在过弯时拥有足够的附着力,减小整车的横摆角速度,提高过弯稳定性。采用后轮双电机的驱动方案,驱动电机采用直接转矩控制的方法,由整车控制器将指定的计算转矩信号发送给电机控制器完成动力分配,所需转矩根据驾驶员的加速踏板及方向盘转角,运用阿克曼转向模型计算得到。     

浅谈汽车涂装新型漆雾分离技术应用

目前汽车涂装工厂大多采用文丘里湿式喷房或干式喷房(石灰式捕捉),湿式喷房文丘里漆雾处理装置配合专门的循环水池、循环管路系统以及刮渣系统来达到处理漆雾的效果。但是这种方法存在如下问题:常规的湿式喷房需要有专门的水池,设备运行过程中需要消耗大量的水,还需要添加各种化学药剂,能耗高,运行成本高,最后漆渣还需要作为危废进行处理;循环风湿度大,需要消耗大量的能量来维持送风的温湿度;工作时漆泥处理间噪音大,气味难闻,劳动条件差。干式喷房(石灰式捕捉)固废处理成本高。     

基于物理规律的气垫船气液介质仿真系统研究

针对全垫升气垫船气液介质复杂场景实时再现仿真需求,基于粒子系统原理和OSG渲染平台,考虑气垫船近场波浪高程模型、气垫船垫升系统压力及流量仿真模型以及气垫船气流场特点,提出了一种基于多模型的气垫船航行时气液介质特效仿真框架和实现方法。搭建了该技术的体系结构和实现流程,解决了不同开发环境下建立的异构模型仿真问题,并通过仿真模拟计算验证了该技术的可行性和正确性。仿真结果符合气垫船航行时的气液介质外形特征、作用范围以及气液介质产生的随机性和规律性特征,能快速逼真地实现气垫船航行时气液介质视景特效,对增强气垫船模拟训练效果具有重要的意义。     

三种减少直流断路器的船舶中压直流电网拓扑结构及性能比较

为保护整流变换器及减少短路时电网中电容放电的影响,船舶中压直流电网中存在大量断路器,造成结构复杂成本高,为此本文提出三种结构的变换器,即基于级联H桥与多端DC/DC的结构(TMPDC),基于MMC整流与逆变的多级调压结构(MVR)和基于不控整流与模块化多电平变换器(MMC)驱动负载结合的结构(UR-MMC)。本文对三种结构的组成与特点进行了分析,并在电压谐波,功耗,体积,故障特性等方面进行了比较,最后通过仿真进一步阐述了不同结构在运行波形上的差异。通过各结构的特性分析,为中压直流电网在船舶上的应用提供了参考。