基于 Vague 物元的城市公共交通便捷性评价研究

城市公共交通便捷性是公共交通服务水平的重要体现,为科学评价城市公共交通便捷性,根据影响城市公共交通出行便捷性的起讫点、公共交通容量、线路及公共交通辅助设施等4个主要因素,选取了换乘距离、换乘系数、公交站点覆盖率、公交线网密度等12个评价指标,构建了城市公共交通便捷性评价指标体系。应用Vague物元评价模型,对重庆市主城区公共交通的便捷性进行评价,评价结果为“二级”。结果表明,新的评价指标体系更有助于针对性地评价城市公共交通系统的便捷性,实际数据的贴进度与“二级”的贴进度相差0.0117,可见评价结果精度较高。      

PBL剪力连接器的承载机理与屈服荷载

为了研究PBL剪力连接器的变形特征,通过4类9组共33个试件的加载试验,测试了外加荷载和PBL连接器变形,结合试件破坏形态,揭示了PBL剪力连接器在加载全过程的承载机理,探明了影响PBL连接器变形性能的主要因素.在此基础上,提出了PBL连接器屈服荷载的定义及计算公式.研究结果表明:PBL连接器的工作可分为拟弹性、弹塑性和屈服3个阶段;混凝土榫的剪断,导致PBL连接件屈服,屈服滑移量为1.2 mm;在弹性、弹塑性阶段由混凝土榫和钢筋共同承载;在屈服阶段,主要由芯棒钢筋承载;芯棒钢筋直径和强度、混凝土榫的直径是影响变形性能的主要因素,芯棒钢筋直径不宜小于16 mm.      

SimMechanics在转向架测试台运动仿真中的应用

振动试验台在各种车辆以及机械装备的道路模拟实验以及环境试验中发挥着越来越重要的作用.文中研究的六自由度转向架测试台是多自由度振动试验台的一种.研制转向架测试台的过程中,在计算机上基于系统的控制策略对测试台进行运动模拟仿真,可以缩短研制时间和降低研制成本.以一种七作动器六自由度转向架测试台为例,通过SimMechanics模块构建与实际测试台一致的模型,在Simulink环境中建立相应的控制模块,对振动试验台进行运动模拟仿真.通过对该问题的研究,扩展了当前SimMechanics模块在解决复杂机械系统问题中的应用.     

基于EDV-Hop的免测距定位算法研究

为了更好地提高无线传感器网络节点定位精度,降低定位成本,针对APS算法存在的不足,提出一种新的免测距定位算法EDV-Hop,通过限制跳数实现局部范围内的定位信息提取,同时调整平均每跳距离,以此提高定位精度。在网络随机部署和任意节点密度的条件下估算节点位置,并从精度和有效性两个方面进行度量。仿真结果表明,EDV-Hop算法比DV-Hop具有更好的定位性能,它能够减少节点间通信量,降低通信成本,提高定位精度。     

上荆江河段客观因子碍航程度的加权评价

在对上荆江客观碍航因子进行调研分析的基础上,针对各客观因子的碍航程度,结合其多维性、模糊性的特点,将层次分析(AHP)和模糊综合评价这两种方法有机结合起来,对各种碍航因子进行加权和综合评价.这种模糊层次评价方法(FAHP)将定性分析与定量分析的方法相结合,弥补了单纯层次分析法的不足,对综合评价碍航程度具有良好的参考价值.     

Investigation on blanking of thick sheet metal using the ductile fracture initiation and propagation criterion

In metal forming processes such as sheet blanking, severe plastic deformation localizes in a narrow shear band near blanking clearance, and ductile fracture occurs at the final stage. Because the combinations of large nonlinear strain localization, displacement discontinuity and ductile fracture brought obstacles to numerical simulation, a ductile fracture initiation criterion model and an elasto-plastic finite element method (FEM) were presented to simulate localized severe plastic deformation. Initiation and propagation of cracks were treated by deletion-and-replacement approach. The distributions and developing trends of effective strain and damage were predicted, the influence of blanking clearance on fracture was discussed, and an experiment was performed to explore the forming mechanism.     

Grafting watermelon seedling production management system based on process control strategy

Greenhouse environmental management, seedling bed scheduling, and fertilizer and water management are the core technologies of seedling nursery. Precision management and control of the whole production process guarantees high grated seedling quality. In order to improve management efficiency of grafted watermelon seedling production and seedling quality, this paper designs and develops a grafted watermelon seedling production management system based on process control methods by process control strategy, seedling bed planning design, and handheld device technology.     

Image fusion scheme based on nonsubsampled contourlet and block-based cosine transform

A kind of nonsubsampled contourlet and block-based cosine transform (NSCBCT) is developed, and its application in image fusion is studied in this paper. The construction of filtering banks is based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) and block-based discrete cosine transform (B-DCT). We combine NSCT and B-DCT to design filters that lead to NSCBCT with better singularity representation than either of them in isolation. A design framework based on the hybrid approach is proposed, which allows for the fast implementation based on NSCT and B-DCT respectively. In addition, a new image fusion scheme based on NSCBCT for multispectral and panchromatic satellite images is proposed. Firstly, because it adopts NSCT, the fused satellite images have higher spatial resolution than those based on wavelets. Secondly, based on the localized high frequency information provided by B-DCT, the proposed fusion scheme can reduce the spectral distortion of the fused image further. Experimental results show that the proposed fusion method is able to increase the spatial resolution and reduce the spectral distortion of the fused image at the same time.     

Nonlinear analyses of exchange rates of six emerging markets

This paper presents some empirical evidences on the presence of nonlinearity of exchange rates of six emerging markets by using Brock-Dechert-Scheinkman (BDS) test and Volterra-Wiener-Korenberg (VWK) model, respectively. The nonlinear dependences are found in the exchange rates of six emerging markets. Furthermore, this paper applies the VWK model with surrogate data method to detect if their nonlinear dependences are deterministic or not. The results show that the above exchange rates are deterministic and nonlinear time series. These imply that the exchange rate markets do not conform to the requirements of the random walk hypothesis. Therefore, the nonlinear dynamic model should be used to analyze the exchange rates.     

基于出行时间预算负效用的出行行为建模

为研究出行者出行行为,引入出行时间预算负效用的概念.分析通勤者出行机理为先确定出发时刻,在给定出发时刻下计算备选路径的出行时间预算负效用,选择效用最大的路径出行,利用此次出行信息来调整下次出行的出发时刻,经过多次出行达到稳定状态.建立了双层规划模型描述不确定环境下出发时刻和路径选择的出行行为.用改进的相继平均法（MSA）求解下层路径选择模型,用遗传算法来解整个双层规划.用一个实例对模型和算法进行了验证.