振荡压实技术在公路沥青路面施工中应用研究

在铺设公路路面沥青时,常会运用振荡压实技术,该技术不但能降低压实材料的渗透率,而且还能解决沥青混合物的氧化难题.所以,振荡压实技术目前已被广泛应用到我国公路路面铺设工程中.文章将以具体实例为基础,探究振荡压实技术在铺设沥青工程的应用方式,以供借鉴.     

铺缆船用电缆埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力计算

传统的计算埋设犁土壤挖掘阻力的方法一般采用经验公式计算。经验公式依赖丰富的试验数据，且只能适应特定形状和尺寸的埋设犁。由于埋设犁的形状和尺寸各不相同，基于经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的方法准确性不高。根据土力学基本原理，在力学分析的基础上，运用数学方法进行公式推导，得到用于计算不同形状尺寸埋设犁挖掘阻力的理论方法，解决依赖经验公式计算土壤挖掘阻力的局限性。     

基于多源数据的公交车能耗碳排放测算模型

公交车能耗碳排放强度与车辆、线路和驾驶员有显著相关关系，为精准刻画其能耗碳排放强度特征，整合OBD监测数据、加油(气)数据、运营排班数据等多源数据资源. OBD监测数据和加油(气)数据呈显著的线性关系，证明修正后的OBD监测数据可满足分析要求. 搭建“速度-能耗碳排放强度曲线”测算模型，幂函数关系的拟合优度R2 =0.972 6 为最高. 实证研究发现，平均速度在10~60 km/h 变化时，液化天然气(LNG)车比柴油车能耗碳排放强度高 3.3%~33.7%，双层车比铰接车高2.4%~13.3%；LNG铰接车在不同线路、相同速度下的强度相差9.6%；不同驾驶员在相同线路的能耗碳排放强度可相差24.2%. 模型为各城市基于多源数据开展公交能耗碳排放目标设定提供数据支撑.     

HXD1型机车自动驾驶系统设计与应用

主要介绍HXD1型交流传动电力机车的自动驾驶系统方案设计与应用情况,以机车改动最小、成本最低为原则,通过加装自动驾驶系统设备、通信及供电线缆实现自动驾驶功能。通过机车自动系统的成功运用,降低了人工劳动强度,杜绝了人为失误因素,提升了机车操纵水平和操纵一致性。     

Reliability Modeling and Maintenance Policy Optimization for Deteriorating System Under Random Shock

Performance degradation and random shock are commonly regarded as two dependent competing risks for system failures. One method based on effective service age is proposed to jointly model the cumulative effect of random shock and system degradation, and the reliability model of degradation system under Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) shocks is derived. Under the assumption that preventive maintenance (PM) is imperfective and the corrective maintenance (CM) is minimal repair, one maintenance policy which combines PM and CM is presented. Moreover, the two decision variables, PM interval and the number of PMs before replacement, are determined by a multi-objective maintenance optimization method which simultaneously maximizes the system availability and minimizes the system long-run expect cost rate. Finally, the performance of the proposed maintenance optimization policy is demonstrated via a numerical example.     

Occupant injury risk analysis at NASS/CDS database

Injury information for vehicle occupants from the body regions of the head, thorax, abdomen, and upper and lower extremities, due to the restraints and interior parts of the vehicle, were extracted from the 2009 ~ 2012 NASS/CDS database. For those cases with high occurrence frequency, a detailed and comprehensive data analysis was performed to find the relationship between the accident, occupant, vehicle, and injury data. A numerical frontal impact sled model with the Hybrid III dummy and the GHBMC human body model was constructed to simulate and identify those injury risks according to NASS/CDS. Among the 5,734 injuries to the aforementioned body regions from frontal crashes are, listed by frequency of occurrence, the lower extremity (27.8 %), upper extremity (21.3 %), thorax (15.1 %), face (10.9 %), spine (8.7 %), head (7.3 %), and abdomen (6.9 %). The main injury sources to the head were the windshield, side structure, and steering wheel. For the thorax and abdomen they were the seat belt and steering wheel. For the lower extremity it was the instrument panel. The main injury patterns for the head were the concussion and the contusion. For the thorax they were vessel laceration and lung contusion. For the abdomen they were laceration and contusion of the organs. For the lower extremity they were bone fracture and ligament rupture. The steering wheel and seat positions were main factors affecting head and thorax injury risks. From the sled impact simulation, high injury risks of the head and thorax were assessed respectively at conditions of steering column tilt down and rear most seat position, which correlated well with the findings from the NASS/CDS data analysis.     

Approximate optimal AUTOSAR software components deploying approach for automotive E/E system

The AUTOSAR has been developed as the worldwide standard for automotive E/E software systems, making the electronic components of different suppliers to be employed universally. However, as the number of component-based applications in modern automotive embedded systems grows rapidly and the hardware topology becomes increasingly complex, deploying such large number of components in automotive distributed system in manual way is over-dependent on experience of engineers which in turn is time consuming. Furthermore, the resource limitation and scheduling analysis make the problems more complex for developers to find out an approximate optimal deploying approach in system integration. In this paper, we propose a novel method to deploy the AUTOSAR components onto ECUs with the following features. First, a clustering algorithm is designed for deploying components automatically within relatively low time complexity. Second, a fitness function is designed to balance the ECUs load. The goal of our approach is to minimize the communication cost over all the runnable entities while meeting all corresponding timing constraints and balancing all the ECUs load. The experiment results show that our approach is efficient and has well performance by comparing with other existing methods in specific and synthetic data set.     

“中—尼—印铁路通道”线路设计及建设可行性分析

随着我国"一带一路"倡议的推进,跨国运输通道的建设成为倡议实施的关键环节之一,而我国建设复杂地质条件下跨国基础设施的经验尚不丰富。"中—尼—印铁路通道"是一条途经尼泊尔,连接中国和印度2个大国的运输通道,基于实地考察,分析该通道建设的必要性及建成后的效益,对线路进行初步规划,并总结该通道建设的难点:铁路轨道坡度大;沿线区域地质构造复杂;周边基础设施落后,施工条件恶劣;大量深长隧道以及大跨径高桥梁;环境以及气候条件复杂。同时对沿线隧道以及桥梁的建设可行性进行分析,并给出施工建议:沿线隧道采用以TBM法为主、钻爆法为辅的施工方法;桥梁建设则因地制宜,根据不同区间的地质特点,采用相应的建设方法。     

降钙素基因相关肽与内皮素受体A在兔实验性蛛网膜下腔出血后基底动脉的表达

目的探讨蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)后脑血管内皮细胞降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)及内皮素受体A(ETRA)的表达与迟发性脑血管痉挛(DCVS)之间的关系。方法日本大耳白家兔60只,随机分为SAH模型组25只,盐水组25只,穿刺组5只,正常组5只。采用枕大池二次注血法制作SAH模型,灌注处死后取基底动脉制成切片。进行CGRP及ETRA的免疫组化和HE染色,观察CGRP与ETRA的免疫表达和病理结构变化,并用图像分析方法测量血管周长,使用方差分析进行统计学检验。结果基底动脉周长在SAH后均发生明显缩窄,其中在5d时缩小最强烈。CGRP与ETRA免疫阳性标记颗粒在SAH组的基底动脉组织中均有表达,其动态变化规律为CGRP的表达在1h时最明显,在3、5d依次表达减少,5d达到最低点,7d后开始逐渐升高,10d时表达相对比较明显,但未能达到正常水平,CGRP在穿刺组、正常对照组和盐水组也有散在不规则表达。在正常组、穿刺组和盐水组的基底动脉内ETRA有表达;SAH组基底动脉内ETRA在3d组和5d组表现为高表达,以3d组为强,而其中血管内皮细胞表达最强烈,平滑肌也有表达,10d组的表达仍然较强。结论在SAH后脑血管内皮细胞CGRP和ETRA的表达呈现明显的动态改变,但二者的变化趋势并不同步;CGRP和ETRA在DCVS的发生发展中起重要的作用。     

纵流艏船舶测深仪使用效能研究

长江航道系统的航标船大多采用纵流艏船型,由于其型线的特殊性,使得装在船底的测深仪,在航速大于5km/h时,即不能正常工作显示水深。本课题主要从流体力学、测深原理和船体结构等诸方面进行研究,研制了特殊的组合机构,解决了上述问题,使得测深仪在各种工况下均能准确测量航道,对同类船的改造提供了指导和依据。