公路施工企业风险管理浅谈

由于公路建设自身的特点决定了在项目实施过程中必然存在着不可避免的风险,本文重点介绍了公路施工企业风险管理的主要方法.     

Exact Equations for Tractrix Curves Associated with Vehicle Offtracking

Vehicle offtracking behavior at low speeds is closely approximated by a geometric entity called a tractrix. This paper presents differential equations for generalized coordinates of a planar multibody vehicle model based on tractrix behavior. The equations are exact, can be used with any type of input path, are valid for forward and backward movements, and are much simpler than previously published formulations used to compute transient offtracking. The differential equations can be integrated using conventional numerical integration algorithms to obtain plots of the low-speed tracking performance of articulated vehicles. The equations were formulated symbolically by a computer program used to analyze the kinematic and dynamic behavior of multibody systems. Example numerical results are plotted.     

阿尔斯通开发的PRIMA 3U15型电力机车

阿尔斯通公司运输部开发了PRIMATM机车系列,其类型满足了运营部门提出的模块化和系列化要求.投放欧洲市场的PRIMA型电力机车既满足了通用性要求,又有助于与公路的经济竞争取得成效.为此,阿尔斯通公司继法国双流制机车后又开发了一种三流制机车,该型机车可用于法国、德国和瑞士之间的跨境运输.文章介绍PRIMATM系列的开发过程以及得到法国国家铁路的订单.详细叙述了PRIMA 3U15型三流制机车,重点是PRIMA电力机车的维修、可靠性和可用性.     

Development and Deployment of Public Transport Policy and Planning in Taiwan

Over the past decade, the escalating roadway congestion and environmental deterioration due to heavy use of private vehicles have provoked the Taiwan government to realize the importance of public transport systems. Under the “carrot-and-stick” rationales, the government has formulated public transport policies and exercised a series of related initiatives by providing sufficient and higher quality of public transport services so as to attract more private vehicle users. In this paper, the planning philosophy and policy formulation of Taiwan’s public transport development are highlighted. The most important initiatives, including the Five-year Enhancement of Mass Transportation Program and the upgrading public transport schemes in the National Development Plan are examined. Based on previous experience and lessons, we point out the most challenging issues that the government will encounter. Suggestions for the future of public transport planning are also addressed.     

高锰钢爆炸加工硬化及其硬化机理

本文研究了爆炸加工后高锰钢的硬化效果及其硬化机理．结果表明，高锰钢经爆炸加工后表面硬度大幅度提高，硬化深度超过４０ｍｍ．但夏比冲击试验表明仍有较高的韧性，宏观残余变形很小．这些变化不是发生Ｍ体及ε相转变的结果，而是发生高密度位错、堆垛层错、大量的交叉滑移，晶粒的扭折，孪晶及Ａ体晶粒细化引起的．     

Analysis of Driver's Decelerating Strategy in a Car-following Situation

This report describes a decelerating driver-model expressed by driving mode transition in car-following situations. The assumptions for constructing the model are that decelerating strategy of a driver is classified into several simple driving modes and that a driver changs his driving modes based on his perceptible characteristics and experiential rules. Deceleration action is divided into three states; following, standing and braking, which are applied to the model. The model has two paths for driver's decelerating action, one of which is selected by the driver based on the perceptible characteristics and experiential rules. The suitability of the model has been experimentally verified.     

Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow-pipe-tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

USO:比UFO更神秘

提起UFO（不明飞行物）。可能世人皆知，它代表种种神秘的空中飞行物体，它们可以千奇百怪，但就是不合乎常理。UFO可以说已经戏弄得科学家们非常狼狈。但是，还有一种鲜为人知的神秘现象。它们不但戏弄着科学家，还戏弄着美国和前苏联等国的海军们。它们叫做USO （Unidentified Submersible Object）-不明潜水物，只与UFO差一个字母。曾经在相当长的一段时间里，美国、前苏联等国为了追逐USO．耗费了大量的财力和军力，结果却无功而返。     

地铁隧道沉降监测基准网的稳定性分析

对狭长的地铁隧道结构进行沉降监测,其监测基准网布设的特殊形式使得对平差基准的选取和稳定性分析有其独特性。从对监测基准网的分析原理和方法入手,讨论了其参考系问题。结合某城市地铁工程隧道结构沉降监测实例,采用三种不同的平差基准对沉降监测网进行稳定性分析和比较,认为三种分析结果基本相同,但相对于固定基准,拟稳基准或重心基准所得点位精度更高,采用后者更有利于隧道实际变形状况的准确分析。