FEMUR SHAPE RECOVERY FROM VOLUMETRIC IMAGES USING 3-D DEFORMABLE MODELS

IntroductionThe rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament( ACL) has become the most common knee in-juries.In operation of ACL reconstruction,thesurgeons have to find the optimal attachmentpoints resulting in a low anisometry of the graft,while preventing impingement between the graftand the femoral notch.Markus Fleute andStéphane lavallée[1] proposed a real- time systemfor computer- assisted ACL surgery.A recentadvance in surgery is minimally invasive tech-nique that can avoid the large…     

股动脉注射琥珀胆碱诱发肌梭传入对膈神经放电的影响

目的 观察肌梭传入活动是否对呼吸运动具有反射性调节作用。方法 实验用63只麻醉、制动、切断双侧颈迷走神经、肌松、人工呼吸的家兔,以膈神经放电作为呼吸观测指标,观察股动脉注射琥珀胆碱(Succinylcholine,Sch)诱发肌梭传入活动对呼吸的影响。结果 ①产生易化作用的有40例(63..49%),其中23例(36..51%)呈吸气延长效应;17例(26..98%)呈抑呼增频效应。产生抑制效应的有11例(17..46%),呈双相反应的4例(6..35%),8例(12..70%)无明显作用。②吸气延长效应主要表现为吸气时程(Ti)延长,呼吸时程(Te)有缩短趋势,但差异无显著性,Ti/Te比值增加,呼吸频率(RF)变化不明显;抑呼增频效应主要表现为Te缩短,Ti变化不明显,Ti/Te比值增加,RF加快。③肌注布比卡因破坏肌梭后,同剂量的Sch使上述呼吸易化效应明显减弱。结论 股动脉注射Sch诱发的肌梭传入活动对呼吸运动具有明显的增强作用。     

基于车体振动加速度的北京地铁轨道状态管理研究

轨道作为行车基础设备,其状态的好坏对列车运行安全和线路服务质量具有重要影响。车体振动加速度是反映列车运行安全性以及乘客乘坐舒适性的重要数据,是评价轨道设备状态和制定养护维修措施的重要依据。基于北京地铁轨道状态的管理需求,分别在空间和时间维度上建立两个利用振动加速度数据评价轨道状态的指标:超限密集度指标和超限重复度指标。利用北京地铁6号线下行方向两次的轨检车检查数据对这两个指标进行计算,结果表明,这两个指标能够更加客观、合理地评价轨道质量状态,有助于提高养护维修作业的效率和针对性。     

异步牵引电动机参数化设计的研究

阐述了运用先进的参数化设计方法和程序设计语言VBA(Visual Basic Application)、基于AutoCAD2000的软件平台开发的异步牵引电动机参数化设计系统,并以JD106电动机为模型进行了具体描述。该系统可以大大缩短设计周期,提高效率。     

船体结构损坏事故案例分析

主要介绍了近年来处理一些集装箱船、散货船、油船、RO/RO船体结构损坏的典型案例,包括纵舱壁、壁墩、甲板、外板处产生的裂缝等。对此,分析与评述了产生的原因。为了避免事故的再次发生,提出了一些有益的建议,供借鉴。     

溃坝模拟的光滑粒子流体动力学方法及其粘性特性(英文)

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian meshless particle method. It is one of the best method for simulating violent free surface flows in fluids and solving large fluid deformations. Dam breaking is a typical example of these problems. The basis of SPH was reviewed, including some techniques for governing equation resolution, such as the stepping method and the boundary handling method. Then numerical results of a dam breaking simulation were discussed, and the benefits of concepts like artificial viscosity and position correction were analyzed in detail. When compared with dam breaking simulated by the volume of fluid (VOF) method, the wave profile generated by SPH had good agreement, but the pressure had only reasonable agreement. Improving pressure results is clearly an important next step for research.     

船舶溢油监测方法的应用现状及发展趋势

介绍了可见光、红外、紫外、激光荧光、微波及电磁能量吸收等船舶溢油监测传感器的工作原理及优缺点;分析卫星遥感监测、飞机遥感监测、巡逻船监测、VTS监测、CCTV监测、定点监测和浮标监测等7种监测方法的研究、应用现状,并通过对比分析指出今后的发展趋势.     

正负三角波在舰艇抗冲击设计中的应用

前联邦德国国防军舰建造规范BV043/85规定,由冲击反应谱转换到正负三角波载荷,加载该载荷考核舰船设备抗冲击性能。文中通过理论推导,得到具体应用公式。分析了该正负三角波的冲击谱特性,其在低频等位移段提高了反应谱值,在中频段和高频段(等速度段和等加速度段)降低了反应谱值。以水面舰艇甲板安装设备为例,应用该载荷进行设备抗冲击分析,与反应谱方法的结果进行比较,应用反应谱分析方法得到的设备最大位移和应力值约为应用正负三角波方法的1.2～1.3倍。     

URANS and DES analysis for a Wigley hull at extreme drift angles

Vortical structures and associated instabilities for flows around the Wigley hull for a wide range of drift angles (10° ≤ α ≤ 60°) with free surface are identified and analyzed. Quantitative verification and validation are conducted on three systematically refined grids with comparison to the experimental data for α = 10°. Analysis of the flow pattern shows a strong correlation between the vortical structures and free-surface wave elevation. For α = 10° and 30°, the flows remain steady and vortices are generated at the keel and fore and aft perpendiculars of the hull. The strength and complexity of these vortices increase with increasing α. At α = 45°, flow becomes unsteady without any significant change in the main flow pattern. At α = 60°, a complex and unsteady flow field on the leeward side of the hull is formed with a large recirculation region from the aft to the fore end, which prevents the flow coming from below the keel from moving up and generating the keel vortices observed at lower drift angles. Karman-like and helical instabilities are analyzed. The effect of Froude number is more apparent for large than for small drift angles.     

Factors associated with bicycle ownership and use: a study of six small U.S. cities

As a means of transportation and as a form of physical activity, bicycling generates benefits to the bicyclist as well as to the community as a whole. Bicycling now accounts for less than 1 percent of all trips for all purposes in the U.S., but evidence from other western countries suggests that under the right conditions, bicycling levels can be significantly higher. Indeed, the experiences of some U.S. cities suggest that it is possible to create conditions conducive to higher levels of bicycling even in the U.S. However, the extent to which bicycle investments have contributed to bicycling levels in these communities has not been rigorously assessed. The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the determinants of bicycle ownership and use as a basis for identifying ways to promote bicycling. A cross-sectional study of six cities was designed to test the importance of bicycle infrastructure and other physical environment factors relative to individual factors and social environment factors, using a nested logit model to examine ownership and use decisions jointly. The results show strong effects of individual attitudes and physical and social environment factors on bicycle ownership and use.