清水冲刷河床调整过程试验研究

通过沙质河床清水冲刷水槽试验,对河床纵剖面的调整、沙波尺度、粗化层厚度及其与沙波运动关系、粗化层级配、推移质级配等进行了观测分析,进一步揭示了清水冲刷,河床重建平衡的机理。水槽试验表明,沙质河床清水冲刷,上游河段比降调平,床沙粗化,沙波发育,河床阻力增大,水深增大,流速减小,导致河床供沙能力削弱,输沙能力降低,冲刷向不冲刷转化。     

枢纽下游河床冲刷深度估算方法

根据沙量守恒原理,从宏观上建立了清水冲刷深度估算公式。公式涉及到床沙可悬百分数;推移质单宽率输沙量及其变化过程;冲刷过程中水流条件的变化;粗化层厚度及其级配等疑难问题。通过水槽试验和理论分析给出了这些问题的计算关系式,获得了冲刷深度估算方法。经试验资料检验,精度良好。     

基于Pro/E的圆柱齿轮参数化设计

文章利用Pro/Engineer的参数化设计功能,建立由用户参数通过关系式控制的圆柱齿轮几何模型,并采用拉伸特征的方法创建实体模型。此设计方法在进行不同齿数的齿轮设计时,只需输入圆柱齿轮的已知参数,就可以迅速精确地生成所需的三维实体模型,大大提高设计效率。     

钢壳沉管端钢壳三维姿态验收测量技术

在钢壳沉管隧道施工中,钢壳管节浇筑前后的验收主要是对端钢壳进行三维姿态测量,主要包括端钢壳面板(端面板)平整度、端钢壳横向垂直度(水平偏角)和竖向倾斜度(竖向偏角),目的是保证沉管精确地沉放安装。根据深中通道沉管隧道端钢壳施工验评标准,要求端钢壳总体测量精度达到mm级,难度较大。为满足测量精度,采用了一种钢壳沉管三维姿态测量技术,主要是利用高精度全站仪+全圆法观测软件+MATLAB数学软件对钢壳沉管端钢壳三维姿态进行测量并处理分析各项数据指标,评定端钢壳在钢壳管节浇筑前后的精度,同时能确保工序之间合理衔接。     

FINGERNAIL GROWTH RATE IN A NORMAL CHINESE POPULATION

Objective To investigate fingernail growth rate (FNGR) role in the physiological or pathological status of the fingernails in normal Chinese population. Methods The FNGR was measured with vernier caliper. The data of 1 595 fingernails from 208 normal Chinese subjects (including 96 men and 112 women; age ranging from 14 to 78 years) were analyzed. Results The average FNGR was (0.104±0.027) mm per day. Higher growth rates were observed in males than in females, in the young individuals than in the old individuals, in summer than in winter, and in the right hand than in the left hand, respectively. The FNGR differed among fingernails and decreased in order of precedence: middle fingernails, index fingernails or ring fingernails, thumb and little fingernails. Conclusion FNGR was significantly associated with age, gender and temperature. Different fingernail grew at an individual speed.     

Design for Two-degree-of-freedom PID Regulator Based on Improved Generalized Extremal Optimization Algorithm

A kind of new design method for two-degree-of-freedom(2DOF)PID regulator was presented,in which,a new global search heuristic--improved generalized extremal optimization(GEO)algorithm is applied to the parameter optimization design of 2DOF PID regulator.The simulated results show that very good dynamic response performance of both command tracking and disturbance rejection characteristics can be achieved simultaneously.At the same time,the comparisons of simulation results with the improved GA,the basic GEO and the improved GEO were given.From the comparisons,it is shown that the improved GEO algorithm is competitive in performance with the GA and basic GEO and is an attractive tool to be used in the design of two-degree-of-freedom PID regulator.     

钢渣粉固化泥岩碎石底基层研究

通过无侧限抗压强度的测定,研究了钢渣粉固化泥岩碎石用于高等级公路路面底基层材料的可行性.试验结果表明,水泥稳定泥岩碎石无法达到高等级公路路面底基层强度的规范要求,而采用一定配比水泥-钢渣粉(二组分胶凝材料体系)或水泥-粉煤灰-钢渣粉(三组分胶凝材料体系)固化泥岩碎石,其7 d无侧限抗压强度可达到2 MPa以上,使得钢渣粉固化泥岩碎石可用作高等级公路路面底基层材料.其增强机理主要在于钢渣粉中的游离氧化钙和游离氧化镁能加快和泥岩中SiO_2和Al_2O_3发生火山灰反应的速度,改变泥岩组分的特性,从而提高固化泥岩碎石的强度.     

冲积平原软土地基上搭设现浇连续箱梁满堂式支架施工技术

冲积平原地区的桥位覆盖层地质主要为海陆交互相的沉积层,与河流相冲积砂土和粘性土相间出现,地基承载力较低。结合广东汕揭高速公路八标采用现浇连续箱梁满堂式支架对地基进行加固处理以提高地基承载力,指出采用满堂式支架进行现浇连续箱梁施工已获得成功,并具有明显的经济效益和较高的实用价值。     

山区高速公路中的先简支后连续T梁设计与施工

分析山区高速公路桥梁的主要特点及桥型选择,探讨先简支后连续T梁桥的设计与施工相关问题,并结合工作中的一些体会提出初步看法。     

高陡边坡桥台锥坡垮塌病害成因及加固措施

本文以成绵乐客运专线悦来乡大桥(DK 281+080.3处)0号桥台锥坡垮塌病害为工程对象,通过对锥坡稳定性及垮塌原因的分析,提出了雨季以混凝土填补空洞及大锚杆+喷锚网临时加固桥台锥坡、旱季以翼缘桩永久加固桥台锥坡的永临结合加固措施。结果表明,采用永临结合的加固措施能有效消除高陡桥台锥坡的安全隐患,保障高速铁路的正常运营。