典型人类工程活动诱发黄土滑坡灾害特征与致灾机理

为了揭示人类工程活动诱发的黄土滑坡成灾机理,基于典型工程活动触发黄土滑坡案例分析,采用野外调查、物理模型试验和应力路径试验等方法,分析了堆载触发黄土滑坡剪切带形成过程、卸载触发黄土滑坡演化模式和灌溉诱发黄土滑坡的成灾过程。研究结果表明:堆载和卸载触发的黄土滑坡,垂直节理易演化成裂缝带,剪应力作用下剪切蠕变带逐渐由坡脚向坡体内部扩展,直至发展成贯通的剪切带,坡体整体变形破坏,堆载触发黄土滑坡具有典型浅层、深层双滑带特征;灌溉诱发黄土滑坡主要发育在黄土塬边,长期农田灌溉导致地下水抬升,坡体内形成饱和带,重力荷载作用下发生蠕动剪切破坏,滑坡开始启动,大规模的快速覆盖加载导致坡体前部浅层黄土液化,最终触发黄土泥流远程滑坡。      

不确定箱重下内河集装箱班轮航线配载决策

与集装箱海运相比内河集装箱班轮运输具有其独特性,同时对于内贸箱而言,货主订舱时箱重信息的不确定性导致其航线配载决策变得更加复杂.本文考虑不确定箱重影响,以最小化航线班轮堆栈占用数量为目标,构建内河集装箱班轮航线配载决策的随机规划模型.为实现求解,基于随机规划理论,采用机会约束描述随机约束,将随机规划模型转化为随机机会约束规划模型,并设计混合邻域搜索算法求解.算法由蒙特卡罗随机模拟、神经元网络训练及邻域搜索启发式3个部分组成.算例研究表明,混合邻域搜索算法的鲁棒性较好,可实现配载计划对不确定因素的有效吸收.     

Adaptive Multi-Objective Optimization of Bionic Shoulder Joint Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

To get the movement mode and driving mechanism similar to human shoulder joint, a six degrees of freedom (DOF) serial-parallel bionic shoulder joint mechanism driven by pneumatic muscle actuators (PMAs) was designed. However, the structural parameters of the shoulder joint will affect various performances of the mechanism. To obtain the optimal structure parameters, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) was used. Besides, the mathematical expressions of indexes of rotation ranges, maximum bearing torque, discrete dexterity and muscle shrinkage of the bionic shoulder joint were established respectively to represent its many-sided characteristics. And the multi-objective optimization problem was transformed into a single-objective optimization problem by using the weighted-sum method. The normalization method and adaptive-weight method were used to determine each optimization index’s weight coefficient; then the particle swarm optimization was used to optimize the integrated objective function of the bionic shoulder joint and the optimal solution was obtained. Compared with the average optimization generations and the optimal target values of many experiments, using adaptive-weight method to adjust weights of integrated objective function is better than using normalization method, which validates superiority of the adaptive-weight method.     

Structural Optimization of Hatch Cover Based on Bi-directional Evolutionary Structure Optimization and Surrogate Model Method

Weight reduction has attracted much attention among ship designers and ship owners. In the present work, based on an improved bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) method and surrogate model method, we propose a hybrid optimization method for the structural design optimization of beam-plate structures, which covers three optimization levels: dimension optimization, topology optimization and section optimization. The objective of the proposed optimization method is to minimize the weight of design object under a group of constraints. The kernel optimization procedure (KOP) uses BESO to obtain the optimal topology from a ground structure. To deal with beam-plate structures, the traditional BESO method is improved by using cubic box as the unit cell instead of solid unit to construct periodic lattice structure. In the first optimization level, a series of ground structures are generated based on different dimensional parameter combinations, the KOP is performed to all the ground structures, the response surface model of optimal objective values and dimension parameters is created, and then the optimal dimension parameters can be obtained. In the second optimization level, the optimal topology is obtained by using the KOP according to the optimal dimension parameters. In the third optimization level, response surface method (RSM) is used to determine the section parameters. The proposed method is applied to a hatch cover structure design. The locations and shapes of all the structural members are determined from an oversized ground structure. The results show that the proposed method leads to a greater weight saving, compared with the original design and genetic algorithm (GA) based optimization results.     

红砂岩水敏感性影响因素及路用性能改善措施

红砂岩的岩性决定了其是一种不良的公路路基填料。文中以瑞寻高速公路建设项目为依托,研究了两类江西省典型红砂岩化学成分及结构组成比例,并进一步研究了红砂岩对水的敏感性影响因素,进行了相关试验研究;提出了红砂岩填筑路基的性能改善措施。     

常见扩频通信技术性能比较

对几种常见的扩频技术进行介绍,在保证扩频后码片时间长度相同的情况下,对直接序列扩频技术、Chirp扩频技术以及BOC扩频技术进行比较.旨在帮助读者对扩频通信技术进行更深层次的了解,当通信系统中需要使用扩频通信技术时,为读者选择性能更优的扩频通信技术提供参考.     

中外斜坡式防波堤结构设计方法对比

港口作为水陆运输的中转站,随着"一带一路"节点的不断延伸,重要性愈发凸显出来.这其中,防波堤在港口工程中扮演着抵御波浪侵袭,保障临海基础设施安全的角色.本文主要探讨国标、英标BS6349-7及手册Eurotop_II_2018和Rockmanual对斜坡式防波堤设计方法的差异,对比和总结归纳了设计要点和相关计算公式,为...     

南京长江第四大桥预制节段拼装箱梁的技术特色

南京长江第四大桥的引桥主要为预制节段拼装箱梁桥,该文介绍了其中的技术特色,包括标准化的制梁、运梁和架梁工艺,注重耐久性的结构体系与设计施工措施,运用拉压杆模型方法进行锚固区细部构造设计,采用特制的专用架桥机满足多种架梁作业需求。此外,还通过足尺模型试验和键齿剪力键试验,检验了节段预制、拼装质量,研究了桥梁的结构行为。     

台风损毁后某护岸修复方案研究

本文结合我国东南沿海某护岸受台风损毁修复工程,根据台风损毁后护岸的破坏情况,结合工程所在海域的潮流、波浪等自然条件,分析堤身损毁的原因,在现场调研基础上,经过断面物理模型试验研究、验证,提出合理可行的护岸修复方案.护面采用1:1.25的陡坡设计,既体现了集约型使用海域的要求,又增大了陆域使用面积;在大于10 s的较长周...     

燃料电池城市客车储氢瓶疲劳分析

为分析某燃料电池城市客车储氢瓶因悬置安装集成阀引起的瓶口附近疲劳问题,对储氢瓶模态和实车运行时的车顶加速度进行了测试,并导出了振动试验台重现振动所需的疲劳评价谱.利用该评价谱在振动试验台上对储氢瓶进行激振,测试储氢瓶瓶口在各种评价谱下的动态应力,并根据多轴疲劳理论分析了储氢瓶的疲劳特性.结果表明,该储氢瓶瓶口的疲劳强度在可接受的区域内,集成阀的振动不是储氢瓶瓶口疲劳的决定因素.