半导体制冷技术在药液冷却中应用研究

根据半导体致冷的特点,将半导体致冷技术应用于药液制冷,并且给出了药液半导体致冷器的最佳工作参数计算式。最后用实例证明了,与Qmax状态和εmax状态相比,按该状态设计的半导体致冷器制冷量与功耗量的综合效益达到最优。     

Fundamental formulation for frictional contact with graded materials

In the paper, we develop the fundamental solutions for a graded half-plane subjected to concentrated forces acting perpendicularly and parallel to the surface. In the solutions, Young's modulus is assumed to vary in the form of E(y) = E0e(ay) and Poisson's ratio is assumed to be constant. On the basis of the fundamental solutions, the singular integral equations are formulated for the unknown traction distributions with Green's function method. From the fundamental integral equations, a series of integral equations for special cases may be deduced corresponding to practical contact situations. The validity of the fundamental solutions and the integral equations is demonstrated with the degenerate solutions and two typical numerical examples.     

Tests on ultimate strength of hull box girders made of high tensile steel

The experimental results of the collapse of three box girders subjected to pure bending moment are presented. The structures are made of high tensile steel of 690 MPa of nominal yield stress reinforced with bar stiffeners of the same material. The moment curvature curves are presented covering the pre- and post-collapse regions. The modes of collapse for each box girder are discussed considering the variation on the panel's slenderness. The concept of efficiency of high tensile steel structures is introduced. The concept is very useful to identify the governing parameters affecting the ultimate strength of 3D structures under predominant bending moment.     

某海域松散砂层钻探成孔问题的探讨

针对某港口工程海域松散砂层钻探成孔中,多次出现的塌孔和涌砂致使取土困难不能进行原位测试的问题,在实际操作中经过反复试验,采用加重泥浆护壁和投放粘土球等办法,增加钻孔孔底的压力和孔壁的泥皮厚度,使层压水不易向钻孔内渗流,并通过适当控制钻进速度最终解决了钻探成孔问题,保证了工程地质勘察资料的准确性、真实性.     

水中有限长加肋圆柱壳的平均辐射率

利用模态展开法,推导了水中有限长不加肋和加肋圆柱壳平均辐射率理论公式。分析了流体负载有限长无肋圆柱壳与其等效矩形板的联系,及轻、重流体负载圆柱壳模态波数图和辐射特性的差异,提出了水中有限长无肋圆柱壳平均辐射率的半经验公式。与理论结果对比表明,半经验公式能很好地反映平均辐射率的整体趋势或平均值,特别是在中高频。在此基础上,通过引入修正因子将该半经验公式拓展至加肋圆柱壳情况,修正因子与肋骨根数、肋骨总质量与壳体质量比有关。数值对比表明,该公式能较好地反映辐射率的趋势或平均值,对不同尺寸圆柱壳、不同数量肋骨都有较好的适应性。     

VBA编程对机舱监测报警系统的改善

本文把VBA编程应用在RSView32开发的机舱监测报警系统中,结果表明VBA编程大大地提高了监控系统功能。     

船舶检验质量检查事例及分析

为了做好深化水上交通运输安全专项整治工作，把好船舶检验关，提高船舶检验质量，广东省船舶检验局于2003年8、9月间，对辖区内14个分局所检验登记的油船、化学品液货船和客船开展了船舶检验质量检查活动，检查以抽查实船、船厂船用钢材使用情况及2002年检查活动的整改措施落实情况等内容为主，结合查阅船舶技术档案。下面就作者参加的部分油船、化学品液货船和客船安全检查中发现的问题进行列表分析。     

The stabilization control of underactuated surface vessels

The problem of stabilization control of underactuated surface vessels with two independent control inputs is in vestigated inthis paper. Through transformation, a cascade property of the system is revealed. And the original nonlinear system could be divided into two subsystems: a linear subsystem and a nonlinear subsystem. The stabilization laws are derived for the two subsystems separately. A smooth time - varying feedback stabilization law with exponentially convergence rate is obtained. The proposed stabilization law guarantees all the system states converge to the equilibrium exponentially. The aim of stabilization control of underactuated surface vessels is achieved. At last, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation tests.     

Dynamics of inorganic nutrient species in the Bohai seawaters

Within the frame of a Sino-German Joint Research Program, two cruises of “R/V Dong Fang Hong 2” were carried out in September–October 1998 and April–May 1999, respectively, to understand the dynamics of nutrients in the Bohai. Nutrient species (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻ and SiO₃²⁻) are determined colorimetrically on board for five anchor and 30 grid stations. In situ incubation experiments are performed to determine planktonic nutrient uptake and benthic exchange flux. Nutrient concentrations display short-term variability and seasonal change in the Bohai, with higher levels in shallow coastal waters than in the Central Bohai. The influence of riverine discharge on nutrient levels can be seen from salinity isopleths, nutrient distribution and species ratios. Near-bottom (nb) waters have similar nutrient concentrations as to the surface waters in the Central Bohai, whereas stratification takes place in the Bohai Strait and North Yellow Sea. In situ incubation experiments provide evidence that the uptake ratio (i.e. N, P) by phytoplankton is proportional to the ratios among nutrient species in ambient waters. Based on the data of this study and previously publications, a preliminary estimate of nutrient budgets via riverine input and atmospheric deposition is established. The results indicate that atmospheric deposition gains importance over rivers in delivering nutrients into the Bohai and sustain the new production, following recent decrease in riverine inflow caused by drought periods in North China and damming practices. A historical review of nutrient data indicates that concentrations of nitrogen increase and phosphorus and silica decrease in the Central Bohai over last 40 years. This potentially has an important influence on the health of ecosystem in Bohai (e.g. food web and community structure), though further study is needed to examine the scenario in more detail.     

Two degree of freedom flow-induced vibration of cylindrical structures in marine environments: frequency ratio effects

The flow-induced vibration of a cylindrical structure is a very common problem in marine environments such as undersea pipelines, offshore risers, and cables. In this study, the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of an elastically mounted cylinder at a low Reynolds number is simulated by a transient coupled fluid–structure interaction numerical model. Considering VIV with low damping ratio, the response, hydrodynamic forces, and vortex shedding modes of the cylinder is systematically analyzed and summed up the universal rule under different frequency ratios. On the basis of the analysis, we find that the frequency ratio α is a very important parameter. It decides the locked-in, beat, and phase-switch phenomena of the cylinder, meanwhile, it also influence the vortex mode of the cylinder. The trajectory of the two degrees of freedom (2 DOF) case at different natural frequency ratios is discussed, with most trajectories having a “figure of 8” shape and a few having a “crescent” shape. A fast Fourier transformation technique is used to obtain the frequency characteristics of the vibration of the cylindrical structure. Using the 2 DOF cylinder model in place of the 1 DOF model presents several advantages in simulating the nonlinear characteristics of cylindrical structures, including the capacity to model the crosswise vibration generated by in-line vibration.