家蚕耐热基因SSR标记筛选定位及开发应用

利用家蚕减数分裂过程中,雌性染色体上基因不发生交换而雄性染色体上基因发生交换的特点,用耐热家蚕品系东34和高敏感家蚕品系欧17以及2种类型的回交群体((欧14×东34)♀×欧17 ♂和欧17 ♀×(欧17×东34)♂)为研究材料,从公布的SSR分子连锁图中共选择84个分子标记特异引物进行耐热分子标记筛选.在第8连锁群上...     

高架油改电轮胎吊快速转场系统的开发应用

轮胎吊在实施油改电后,采用高架滑触线供电的轮胎吊在实际使用中暴露出了机动性减弱的问题,为此提出了创新方案——高架油改电轮胎吊快速转场系统。阐述了高架油改电快速转场系统的两大部分:油改电轮胎吊自动升降集电器和油改电油电自动切换的设计内容,以及在此系统在投入运行后为油改电系统的运行带来的便捷性和机动性。     

港机专用橡胶拖令移动软电缆研制与安装敷设

为提高港口用电缆的使用寿命和安全性能,开发了新型的高性能港机专用橡胶拖令移动软电缆。介绍了该电缆的技术性能、产品设计、生产工艺和试制要点,并介绍了该电缆的安装敷设,对电缆用户有一定的启迪。     

高锰酸盐指数影响因素研究

影响高锰酸盐指数测定结果的因素较多,导致测定结果的准确度较差。为提高高锰酸盐指数测定结果的准确性,本文对影响测定结果的三个主要因素包括取样量、加热时间和高锰酸钾标准滴定溶液的浓度进行了实验和研究。结果表明,实验过程中必须严格控制以上各实验条件,如取样量为100mL,加热时间尽量准确控制在30min,高锰酸钾标准滴定溶液的浓度控制在0.0098mol/L～0.0100mol/L之间等。     

“低碳经济”背景下公路隧道照明节能策略

目前我国公路隧道运营照明存在的突出问题主要表现在:照明设计参数有待完善、照明控制方式较为落后、照明节能理念存在误区、照明设施养护未得重视。文章基于建设"环境友好型"公路隧道理念,从系统工程角度提出公路隧道照明节能的15项重要措施,包括准确测试洞外亮度、优化照明设计参数、选择使用节能光源等,基本涵盖公路隧道照明技术性节能、结构性节能、管理性节能的各个方面。工程实践表明,这些技术和措施可实现公路隧道照明综合节能20%以上的总体目标,具有较好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。     

盾构穿越拔桩及箱涵区的施工技术

结合深圳地铁2号线,介绍了2204标海月站一登良路区间隧道盾构穿越拔桩区及箱涵区的施工技术和实施效果,详细分析了拔桩施工的技术特点及施工监测过程,可供类似工程借鉴。     

Experimental design influences on stated choice outputs: An empirical study in air travel choice

Discrete choice experiments are conducted in the transport field to obtain data for investigating travel behaviour and derived measures such as the value of travel time savings. The multinomial logit (MNL) and other more advanced discrete choice models (e.g., the mixed MNL model) have often been estimated on data from stated choice experiments and applied for planning and policy purposes. Determining efficient underlying experimental designs for these studies has become an increasingly important stream of research, in which the objective is to generate stated choice tasks that maximize the collected information, yielding more reliable parameter estimates. These theoretical advances have not been rigorously tested in practice, such that claims on whether the theoretical efficiency gains translate into practice cannot be made. Using an extensive empirical study of air travel choice behaviour, this paper presents for the first time results of different stated choice experimental design approaches, in which respective estimation results are compared. We show that D-efficient designs keep their promise in lowering standard errors in estimating, thereby requiring smaller sample sizes, ceteris paribus, compared to a more traditional orthogonal design. The parameter estimates found using an orthogonal design or an efficient design turn out to be statistically different in several cases, mainly attributed to more or less dominant alternatives existing in the orthogonal design. Furthermore, we found that small designs with a limited number of choice tasks performs just as good (or even better) than a large design. Finally, we show that theoretically predicted sample sizes using the so-called S-estimates provide a good lower bound. This paper will enable practitioners in better understanding the potential benefits of efficient designs, and enables policy makers to make decisions based on more reliable parameter estimates.     

Assessing the cost of transfer inconvenience in public transport systems: A case study of the London Underground

Few studies have adequately assessed the cost of transfers² in public transport systems, or provided useful guidance on transfer improvements, such as where to invest (which facility), how to invest (which aspect), and how much to invest (quantitative justification of the investment). This paper proposes a new method based on path choice,³ taking into account both the operator’s service supply and the customers’ subjective perceptions to assess transfer cost and to identify ways to reduce it. This method evaluates different transfer components (e.g., transfer walking, waiting, and penalty) with distinct policy solutions and differentiates between transfer stations and movements.The method is applied to one of the largest and most complex public transport systems in the world, the London Underground (LUL), with a focus on 17 major transfer stations and 303 transfer movements. This study confirms that transfers pose a significant cost to LUL, and that cost is distributed unevenly across stations and across platforms at a station. Transfer stations are perceived very differently by passengers in terms of their overall cost and composition. The case study suggests that a better understanding of transfer behavior and improvements to the transfer experience could significantly benefit public transport systems.     

Timetable-based operation in urban transport: Run-time optimisation and improvements in the operating process

Urban public transit provides an efficient means of mobility and helps support social development and environmental preservation. To avoid loss of ridership, transit authorities have focussed on improving the punctuality of routes that operate using timetables. This paper presents a new approach to generating run-time values that is based on analytical development and micro simulations. The work utilizes previous research (described herein) and the experience acquired by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) in operating bus routes based on timetables. Using a sample of historical data, the method used for generating run-time values consists of the following steps: purging and screening atypical trips, based on the consideration of confidence intervals for median trips; segmenting the day into time bands based on the introduction of a new hierarchical classification algorithm; creating initial run-time values based on criteria derived from statistical analysis; adjusting and validating initial run-time values using micro simulations; and evaluating incident-recovery times at the end of trips in order to guarantee the punctual departure of the next trip in the vehicle schedule. To favour service improvement, we also introduced certain indicators that can identify the root causes of non-compliance. As a final step, in order to ensure the applicability and use of the model, we promoted the development of our model within the framework of the HASTUS™ software solution.     

浙江省海洋经济战略下港口物流服务创新研究

为了更好地发挥港口在推动海洋经济建设中的龙头作用,基于现代港口竞争实质,对港口物流服务创新的内涵作了界定.针对浙江省海洋经济发展现状,分析港口物流服务创新的内外驱动力及在发展海洋经济中的重要性,提出了港口物流服务创新五大策略:港口物流柔性化服务策略、港口物流定制化服务策略、港口物流可视化服务策略、港口物流联运化服务策略以及港口物流网络化服务策略.港口物流五大策略的实施,将提升港口整体服务水平,促进海洋经济可持续发展.