Off-set crack propagation analysis under mixed mode loadings

An assessment was carried out herein to study the eccentricity of cracks subjected to mixed-mode loadings. Several loading locations relative to a central line were selected to induce mixed-mode loadings, which were computed using a finite element method. An adaptive meshing technique was adopted during the simulation of crack propagation to ensure the singularity of stress at the tip of the crack. The stress intensity failure criterion was used and programmed, and the node splitting technique was used when the stress intensity factor reached the fracture toughness of the material to simulate crack propagations. It was found that large variations in the stress intensity factor were observed when off-set cracks were used, and that K _II decreased when loading distance increased, but increased when the off-set crack distance was increased. Both crack eccentricity and loading distance played important roles in producing mixed-mode loading, compared to the influence of central cracks. Correction factors were introduced to modify the calculation of stress intensity factors under mixed-mode loadings. Simulations of crack propagation were also conducted to study the effects of crack eccentricities and loading distances. It was found that the crack length, the loading distance relative to the central crack and the crack eccentricity dominated calculations of the integrity of cracked structures.     

Model-based design of a variable nozzle turbocharger controller

Variable Nozzle Turbocharger (VNT) was invented to solve the problem of matching an ordinary turbocharger with an engine. VNT can harness exhaust energy more efficiently, enhance intake airflow response and reduce engine emissions, especially during transient operating conditions. The difficulty of VNT control lies in how to regulate the position of the nozzle at different engine working conditions. The control strategy designed in this study is a combination of a closed-loop feedback controller and an open-loop feed-forward controller. The gain-scheduled proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller was implemented as the feedback controller to overcome the nonlinear characteristic. As it is difficult to tune the parameters of the gain-scheduled PID controller on an engine test bench, system identification was used to identify the plant model properties at different working points for a WP10 diesel engine on the test bench. The PID controller parameters were calculated based on the identified first-order-plus-dead-time (FOPDT) plant model. The joint simulation of the controller and the plant model was performed in Matlab/Simulink. The time-domain and frequency-domain performances of the entire system were evaluated. The designed VNT control system was verified with engine tests. The results indicated that the real boosting pressure traced the target boosting pressure well at different working conditions.     

公交导向发展策略研究及其在中国的应用

该文介绍了国外城市用地布局和交通系统特别是公交系统建设的相互影响的研究,以及在倡导公交导向的土地开发方面的策略及其应用。对我国城市实施TOD策略的现状及应用进行分析,提出适合我国城市发展的土地利用策略和交通体系。     

隧道盾构机进出洞施工技术

盾构的进出洞工序是盾构法建造隧道的关键工序。该文阐述了盾构进出洞施工的重要性,介绍了稳定正面土体、基座及后座的设置、洞口间隙的密封等施工技术。     

抛石层灌注桩施工新工艺的应用

抛石层灌注桩施工工艺的应用填补了国内灌注桩施工的一项空白,它具有操作简便、确保成孔质量、设备简单、工期短、成本低等特点。取芯注浆是该工艺的核心工序。它的应用为今后同类地质条件下的灌注桩施工提供了经验。     

生物接触氧化工艺间歇运行处理高速公路附属设施污水试验研究

针对我国高速公路沿线设施污水的水质及水量特点,提出了采用生物接触氧化工艺间歇运行的处理方式。试验结果表明:日进水3次,处理水量7 L、间歇曝气时间累计6 h时,出水化学需氧量(COD)为72.04 mg/L,氨氮为6.54 mg/L,TN为16.30 mg/L;日进水6次、处理水量7 L、间歇曝气时间累计12 h,出水COD为78.02 mg/L,氨氮为6.36mg/L,TN为16.02 mg/L,出水水质均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级的要求,可大大减少污水处理成本。     

汽车制造、使用及回收的生命周期分析

为了研究汽车全生命过程对环境产生的影响,采用生命周期分析的方法对汽车制造、使用及回收3个阶段中所产生的排放物进行了分析和计算,并对汽车使用90号无铅汽油、液化石油气、液化天然气、车用乙醇汽油对环境造成的影响进行了比较。结果表明:3个阶段对环境都有一定的污染;使用液化天然气和车用乙醇汽油为汽车燃料以及对报废汽车进行能源化回收利用是有益的。     

缺陷汽车产品召回的批次性质量追溯方法

《缺陷汽车产品召回管理规定》的实施对汽车生产厂商的召回可追溯性提出了要求。文中定义了可追溯性的特点、范围、功能,提出建立以批次管理为核心的质量追溯方法,实现贯穿召回前及召回中的全过程追溯管理,为汽车厂商提供指导意见。     

电动微型客车的机电复合制动稳定性分析

建立电动微型客车机电复合制动的数学模型,并通过实例仿真分析不同驱动形式的机电复合制动稳定性。     

基于LabVIEW的发动机ECU激励信号发生系统

以汽车发动机实验为基础,开发出一台汽车发动机ECU激励信号发生器。该系统使用NI系列的D/A转换卡,以LabVIEW软件编程进行虚拟仪器系统的构建,实现对发动机ECU的核心传感器信号的模拟。通过选择各路信号的类型,调节其频率、幅值,激励发动机ECU能够正常运转以便对发动机信号及ECU进行研究。通过对该系统进行的实测信号数据对比,验证了该系统的可行性和准确性。