高速铁路隧道支护参数的计算研究

为探索隧道初期支护安全系数的计算问题,并为高速铁路隧道支护参数优化提供理论依据,根据喷锚支护的性能与特点以及现代隧道力学的基本理论,建立初期支护荷载结构模型和对应的安全系数计算方法; 针对时速350 km高速铁路双线隧道提出的3种不同的初期支护方案（无系统锚杆支护、喷锚结合支护和以锚为主的支护方案）展开适应性研究,计算分析不同埋深（400 m和800 m）条件下初期支护的优化参数以及优化后的二次衬砌承载能力,在此基础上提出优化后的高铁隧道支护参数建议值,并对优化前后的安全系数进行计算与对比。主要结论如下： 1）提出了采用围岩压力代表值作为荷载结构模型设计荷载的方法,为解决设计中围岩压力不确定的问题提供了思路,且所推荐的围岩压力代表值计算方法具有安全性与经济性; 2）提出了3种初期支护计算模型,可以为初期支护构件的选择与量化设计提供一定的理论基础; 3）提出了时速350 km高速铁路双线隧道初期支护方案及优化后的复合式衬砌设计参数,并明确了不同围岩级别、不同埋深时的承载主体; 4）提出了按照不同埋深进行支护结构参数设计的建议。     

Measurements of car-body lateral vibration induced by high-speed trains negotiating complex terrain sections under strong wind conditions

Assessment of the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions is very important for research into the operation safety and comfort of passengers on high-speed trains. To assess the vibration of high-speed trains negotiating complex sections of terrain under strong wind conditions, we performed a field measurement when the train passes through typical sections of complex terrain along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high-speed railway in China. We selected the lateral vibration conditions, including the roll angle and lateral displacement of car-body gravity centre through two typical representative sections (embankment–tunnel–embankment and embankment–rectangular transition–cutting) for analysis. The results show that the severe car-swaying phenomenon occurs when the high-speed train moves through the test section, and the car-body lateral vibration characteristic is related significantly to the state of the terrain and topography along the railway. The main causes for this car-swaying phenomenon may be the transitions between different windproof structures, and the greater the scale of the transition region between different windproof structures or landform changes, the more obvious the car-swaying phenomenon becomes. The lateral vibration of the car-body is relatively steady when the train is running through terrain with minor changes in topography, such as the windbreak installed on the bridge and embankment, but the tail car sways more violently than the head car. When the vehicle runs from the windbreak installed on the embankment into the tunnel (or in the opposite direction), the tail car sways more intensely than the head car, and the head car runs relatively stable in the tunnel.     

Tire wear estimation based on nonlinear lateral dynamic of multi-axle steering vehicle

This paper presents a novel nonlinear dynamic model of a multi-axle steering vehicle to estimate the lateral wear amount of tires. Firstly, a 3DOF nonlinear vehicle dynamic model is developed, including dynamic models of the hydropneumatic suspension, tire, steering system and toe angle. The tire lateral wear model is then built and integrated into the developed vehicle model. Based on the comparison of experimental and simulation results, the nonlinear model is proved to be better than a linear model for the tire wear calculation. In addition, the effects of different initial toe angles on tire wear are analyzed. As simulation results shown, the impact of the dynamic toe angle on the tire wear is significant. The tire wear amount will be much larger than that caused by normal wear if the initial toe angle increases to 1° - 1.5°. The results also suggest that the proposed nonlinear model is of great importance in the design and optimazation of vehicle parameters in order to reduce the tire wear.     

基于绝对坐标的商用车排气管设计

针对常规设计方法容易引起的排气管漏气、排气管难以加工及整车排气系振动较大的问题,文章使用CAD、CATIA和EXCEL工具,提出利用绝对坐标对商用车排气管进行精确化设计的方法,使设计、计算和检验一体化,大大缩短设计和检验周期,已在生产实践中得到应用。     

某轿车副车架模态分析

本文通过用Hypemesh11.0进行网格划分,然后用MSC.NASTRAN进对某轿车副车架进行模态分析,以确定冲压横梁结构是否能够达到原液压横梁结构的模态固有频率,为制定工艺方案提供支持,也为以后同类产品的研发提供设计参考。     

基于GT-Suite的重型载货车冷却系统仿真及匹配设计

基于GT-Suite软件建立了某重型载货车发动机冷却系统的一维-准三维混合仿真模型,通过对发动机极限工况下出水温度、出水流量等计算结果与试验值对比分析,验证了仿真模型的准确性。最后在此模型基础上对发动机冷却系统进行风扇选型匹配,实现了满足整车冷却性能要求的前提下,减小了其消耗功率,从而提高了整车经济性。     

碎石化旧水泥混凝土路面加铺沥青层技术研究

以长张高速公路益常段旧水泥混凝土路面改造工程为依托,简述旧水泥混凝土路面碎石化技术;通过建立计算模型,比较共振碎石化、多锤头碎石化及冲击破裂稳固3种破碎(破裂)情况下加铺沥青层结构的加铺层层底拉应力及相对弯沉比情况,表明共振破碎后原路基整体强度优于多锤头碎石化技术。     

无人机技术在长江海事监管中的应用

为了打造长江干线全方位覆盖、全天候运行、具备快速反应能力的现代化水上安全监管和应急救助体系,将无人机技术引入海事监管过程当中。分析无人机应用于海事监管的优势,并研究其应用于海事监管的可行性。拓展无人机在海事监管业务中的应用,提出长江海事无人机系统建设思路。系统的建设分为实验阶段、大规模实施阶段和网络建设和应用阶段,目标是建成水-岸-空海事立体监管系统,提升长江海事监管水平。     

泥岩边坡的病害特征及破坏模式研究

高边坡问题在基础建设的发展过程中不断出现,尤其是泥岩边坡问题。文中通过分析泥岩边坡6种病害坡体结构:顺倾层状结构、反倾层状结构、陡倾层状结构、基座式上软下硬结构、交叉式楔形结构,得出了泥岩边坡在不同坡体结构下可能的破坏方式;最终归纳总结出了5种典型的泥岩边坡破坏模式:风化剥落、楔体破坏、倾倒破坏、滑移-拉裂破坏、牵引式滑动破坏。     

基于博弈论的供应链金融监管合同奖惩研究

将银行和物流监管公司签订的监管合同中的奖惩条款为研究对象,基于博弈论探讨了监管方和借款方的博弈行为,找到了纯粹决策和混合决策的纳什均衡。通过算例,对比计算了有无奖励和惩罚时,混合决策的纳什均衡点的差异性:当在合同中增加奖励和惩罚措施时,纳什均衡的点将离原点更远,双方将以更大的概率选择合作。以此为基础,科学设立监管合同中监管项目的评价指标体系,明确监管奖惩措施,将有效降低供应链金融风险。