纯电动物流车用PMSM降开关损耗控制

物流车是城市内部运送货物的重要交通工具,具有运行距离短、启停频率高、运行时间长的特点。城市内部物流车都逐步采用纯电动物流车代替传统的燃油车。针对物流车运行特点,文章对电动物流车电机控制算法进行优化,在考虑不同工况下使用不同的开关频率,降低开关损耗,减少控制器发热。通过对降低开关损耗控制方法与传统控制方法在不同车辆运行工况下对比,电机控制器发热均有所降低,同时电机控制器效率有所增加。     

Study on launch dynamics of the tank marching fire

As an army main battle equipment, it is required that the tank should have high firing accuracy and high first round hit probability during marching. The initial disturbance of the projectile is the premier factor that takes effect on the marching fire accuracy of the tank. And the marching fire accuracy of the tank depends on the launch dynamics behaviors of the tank. In this paper, the launch dynamics theory of a tank marching fire is studied, and its launch dynamics model is established. Based on the transfer matrix method for multibody system(MSTMM) and the automatic deduction theorem of overall transfer equations, the overall transfer equation and the overall transfer matrix of a tank multibody system are deduced; the launch dynamics equations of the tank marching fire are deduced, and the dynamic response of the tank system, the motion of projectile in barrel, the initial disturbance of the projectile and the vertical target dispersion are exactly simulated; meanwhile, the results of simulation are verified by tests. This work provides both theoretical foundation and simulation approaches for improving the marching fire accuracy of the tank.     

浅议高速公路沥青混凝土桥面排水的设计与施工

高速公路通车运营后产生的桥面损坏是沥青路面早期损坏的现象之一,结合沥青混凝土桥面施工过程中所取得的部分经验与教训,从设计和施工角度对沥青混凝土桥面结构排水、防水提出了一些方法和措施,以期提高沥青混凝土桥面的耐久性。     

体外预应力技术在牛首山河大桥加固中的应用

体外预应力技术是加固既有钢筋混凝土桥梁结构最有效的方法之一,本文结合南京机场高速牛首山河大桥体外预应力加固工程实例,介绍了这一技术的设计原则、施工工艺及其效果评价、检验方法等。     

一种新型自适应误差估计方法

对当前两种主要的自适应误差估计方法－基于残值的误差估计方法和基于应力修匀的误差估计方法作了详细的分析比较。在此基础上，从工程角度提出了一种新型自适应误差估计方法，通过分析和数值算例证明了它的有效性和可靠性。     

旧砼路面板上沥青加铺层直道试验研究

对不同结构方案下的旧水泥混凝土路面板上沥青混凝土加铺层结构进行直道试验,分析研究了不同轴重及荷载次数作用下的接缝弯沉差、车辙变形以及路面的疲劳特性,并对比了沥青加铺材料及结构优劣性.结果表明,在不同轴载的反复作用下,所研究的新型沥青混凝土材料在接缝路表弯沉、车辙变形量和路面结构的抗剪切疲劳特性等方面都优于普通的AC-20沥青混凝土.     

快速城市化地区公交规划方法研究

目前中国许多地区进入快速城市化发展阶段,在长期城乡二元格局影响下,这些地区形成独特的公交需求特性.本文研究了快速城市化地区社会经济发展特性和公交统筹发展要求.根据公交线路服务特性将公交线路分为城乡公交线路和城区公交线路两类,提出了基于层次分析的快速城市化地区公共交通线网规划方法.通过张家港市公交规划的实例分析,体现出该方法适应地区发展趋势以及城乡统筹发展的战略要求.     

汽车非确定性故障诊断模型研究

针对汽车非确定性故障诊断特点,基于模糊数学理论,提出了由概率统计法及专家优序法综合确定模糊隶属度的方法,结合对故障程度的描述,建立汽车非确定性故障诊断数学模型。以此为基础,有选择地借鉴模糊数学理论中的模式识别方法对故障进行诊断,最后以实例验证了该模型的实用性。     

Estimating the value of risk reductions for car drivers when pedestrians are involved: a case study in Spain

We estimated the benefits associated with reducing fatal and severe injuries from traffic accidents using a stated choice experiment where choice situations were generated through a statistically efficient design. Specifically, the risk variables were defined as the expected annual number of vehicle car-users that suffered their death or were severely injured in a traffic accident. In addition, and differing from previous research, the number of pedestrians that died or were severely injured in traffic accidents per year was also included as a risk attribute in the choice experiment, to attempt at measuring drivers’ willingness to pay to reduce the risk of hitting pedestrians in a crash. The empirical setting was a choice of route for a particular trip that a sample of car drivers periodically undertakes in Tenerife, Spain. Models were estimated accounting for random taste heterogeneity and pseudo-panel data correlation. The median of the distribution of simulated parameters was used to obtain a representative measure for the monetary valuation of risk reductions. We found that the ratio between the values of reducing the risk of suffering a serious injury and that of reducing a fatality was approximately 18 %. Further, and quite novel, we also found that the value of reducing a pedestrian fatality was 39 % of the value of reducing a car occupant fatality.     

Users’ perceptions and willingness to pay in interurban toll roads: identifying differences across regions from a nationwide survey in Spain

Users’ acceptability is considered one of the key drivers for the successful implementation of transport policy measures. This is especially crucial in the case of toll roads since they are financed through drivers’ contributions. Previous literature in this field has mainly focused on measuring users’ attitudes towards urban congestion pricing strategies. However limited research has been developed concerning interurban toll roads. Previous research shows that socioeconomic variables are not conclusive to explain users’ perceptions towards tolls. By contrast, other drivers such as regional differences seem to play a more important role, especially when charging conditions within the same nation greatly vary across regions. This paper analyzes regional differences in users’ attitudes within an asymmetrical distribution of the toll road network across regions. Based on a nationwide survey conducted to road users in interurban toll roads in Spain, we develop both a binomial logit and a censored regression (tobit) model to explore drivers’ perceptions and willingness to pay. The research concludes that users from regions with a more extensive tolled network generally show a more negative attitude towards charges, but not necessarily a lower willingness to pay. The paper also points out that an asymmetrical distribution of toll roads across regions may result in negative perceptions among those users perceiving to be unfairly treated when compared to citizens in other regions.