Mixed analysis of shell and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method

 This article presents a mixed method of analyzing shell elements and solid elements using the overlaying mesh method. In the structural design of a ship's hull, the shell elements are used for the global model. However, the solid elements are necessary to analyze the stress concentration zones or the vicinity of a crack. In such cases, the models are analyzed using zooming analysis, in which the results of a global model analysis are transferred to a local model analysis by imposing boundary conditions. This method is more advantageous than zooming analysis in terms of the accuracy of the solution and the modeling flexibility. Some examples of a plate model with a cracked surface or with a projection are shown in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Received: August 6, 2002 / Accepted: November 25, 2002 Address correspondence to: S. Nakasumi (sumi@nasl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp) Updated from the Japanese original, which won the 2002 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2001;189:219–224; and 190:655–662)     

中国LNG船:需求大建造难

液化天然气在英语中称之为Liquefied natural Gas，缩写为LNG。作为LNG主要成分的丙烷，在常压下的液化温度为-161.4℃，液化天然气船（LNG船）。就是为在-162℃极低温下运输天然气而设计建造的专用船舶。     

BITBUS结构及其在电气化复线渡线开关监控系统中的应用

本文提出在电气化铁路远动系统中采用高性能，低价格，灵活易用的通讯网络ＢＩＴＢＵＳ构成分层的分布式网络系统，用网络结构代替常规的双机加切换器的结构。既简化了系统结构了又成功地解决了系统资源的共与分配，并为系统以后可能的扩展与联网打下了基础。运用软件工程学的有关技术和方法开发系统软件，使系统结构清晰，易于维护和扩充，本文针对电气化复线渡线开关监控系统的特点，给出了该系统采用的软，硬件方案及其实现过程。     

Dynamic Simulation of a Smart Crank and Slider Mechanism

In this paper, a smart crank and slider mechanism is analyzed mostly from a dynamic view. By means of dynamic explicit finite element method, 3D nonlinear structure is simulated. It is proved that the mechanism can effectively accomplish smart movement prescribed. And in order to ensure reciprocal movement with higher frequency, measures should be taken to avoid over heating of parts. Compared with internal energy, kinetic energy of total rigid body is dominating, and Y direction equivalent rigid velocity is much higher than X direction velocity. Equivalent rigid velocity of all parts is consistent with respective movement condition. For both energy and velocity, slider effect is dominating. Three direction equivalent inertia force oscillates. Force amplitude in Y -direction is comparitively the greatest.     

Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

TDZⅢ型弹性轨枕的设计与计算

我国既有线道碴厚度不足是普遍问题,是铁路提速重载化发展中道床结构要研究解决的关键技术之一。文章介绍TDZⅢ型弹性轨枕枕下垫板的设计以及轨道刚度和轨道动力响应计算。     

浅谈原水氨氮亚盐较高期间的加氯运行

江苏油田邵真水厂近年来在2月-6月间常出现持续10多天的原水氨氮浓度较高的现象,此间氯耗显著增高。针对这一问题,从水体及制水构筑物的耗氯情况、加氯方式以及余氯测定方法造成的影响三个方面进行了分析,建议原水氨氮浓度较高期间采取定期向各构筑物内投加适量次氯酸钙(漂粉精),对出厂水余氯以总氯控制代替游离氯控制,统一使用DPD法测定余氯等措施加以解决。     

温州倾力培育浙江省临港产业中心

温州市要解决产业"低、小、散"问题,促进传统产业提升,必须找到新的突破口.而临港工业可能就是突破口之一.经过几年的建设,温州的基础设施已日趋完善,以高速公路网、沿海铁路大通道和机场迁扩建共同形成立体交通枢纽已见蓝图,温州临港工业已经具备了发展的条件和基础.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁裂缝成因分析

钢筋混凝土桥梁开裂是桥梁工程中普遍存在的现象，它不仅影响结构的外观和使用寿命，还危及到结构的安全。此文针对钢筋混凝土桥梁工程中常见的裂缝现象，分别阐述了产生裂缝的原因，以寻求控制裂缝的有效办法。