National policy towards cars: Singapore

Singapore has experienced rapid growth in car ownership, and private transport accounts for just under half of motorized trips in Singapore. Yet only since 1970 have determined efforts been made to curtail this increase. Simultaneously with this growth, Singapore's land‐use planners had called for the diversion of population growth into outlying residential estates while maintaining the central area's importance as an employment centre. The resulting anticipated concentration of commuter movement suggested a need for controls to restrain car ownership, reduce central‐area congestion and divert road users on to public transport. The policies followed are described. Those against ownership have included heavy road taxes and registration fees, with a system of discounts on the latter to discourage new purchasers except when replacing scrapped cars. Policies against car use include fuel taxes and the Area Licensing Scheme in the city centre, while parking space is also closely regulated. The measures adopted imply a goal of efficiency in promoting Singapore's planning objectives rather than environmental, safety or equity considerations, although the first two of these have lately received much more attention than formerly. The policies’ effect has been a temporary reversal in the growth of car ownership, but this growth has since resumed and recent further fee increases suggest a panic reaction rather than a coordinated strategy. Such coordination appears at present to be hampered by the fragmented administration of matters relating to transport. Other measures relating to car ownership and use in Singapore are also described.     

Empirical studies on yard operations Part 2: Quantifying unproductive moves undertaken in quay transfer operations

The impact of higher container stacking on yard operations has been treated as one of the major factors influencing the efficiency of terminal operations. For terminal operators who have to increase their storage capacity by way of higher container stacking, the consequences must be carefully measured. This paper examines the unproductive container movements undertaken in one high throughput terminal with high land productivity, and provides an example of how terminal operator handles the yard operations and the possible impact on areas of operation.     

基于模糊控制的BRT交叉口信号优先控制方法研究

针对城市BRT优先和交通信号控制问题,提出了一种基于模糊控制的BRT交叉口信号控制模型。把降低BRT车辆平均延误作为控制目标,综合考虑各相位的交通需求强度,以此来决定优先相位的绿灯延长时间和非优先相位的绿灯压缩时间。仿真结果表明,模糊控制要优于定时控制,在模糊控制下,BRT车辆的延误明显减少,而且对其他车辆影响很小。     

IEC61850标准在地铁变电站自动化系统的应用

通过介绍变电站内通信网络和系统标准体系IEC 61850的主要内容和特点,探讨了基于该标准的变电站内通信系统框架模型,并提出变电站和调度中心之间远动信息网络化传输方案,为进一步设计和实现符合标准的变电站自动化系统无缝通信网络奠定了基础.     

船舶操纵性能预报浅水修正模型的对比研究

利用深水区平面MMG船舶操纵运动数学模型,通过两个基于船舶主尺度的回归公式浅水修正模型分别得到浅水区的366TEU集装箱船操纵运动结果,并对这两个浅水修正模型得到的结果做了比较,为进一步研究船舶在浅水中的操纵性预报提供了参考。     

转向连接销热处理工艺研究

为避免某重型载货汽车前桥上的转向连接销(40CrH钢)产生淬火裂纹,同时满足金相组织要求,采用水溶性淬火介质(PAG类聚醚)进行了淬火工艺试验.结果表明,采用淬火温度为840℃、水溶性淬火溶液浓度为8％～10％及温度为20～50℃的新工艺进行淬火效果最佳,无淬火裂纹产生,累计生产的50万件转向连接销均未出现质量问题.     

提速道岔故障处理研究

通过对提速道岔五线制电路的分析和实际操作,总结出了一套行之有效的故障现象分析处理方法.以提高对提速道岔故障的理解和解决能力.     

湖北襄荆高速公路天桥优化设计实践

湖北襄樊至荆州高速公路施工图设计中天桥共61座。在工程施工前,对其中的16座分别进行了优化布置,包括取消、改建移位、增加功能、修改桥型以协调景观等4种方案,最后共建设天桥52座。使高速公路与沿线道路交叉更加合理,也为项目节省了较大投资。     

地铁屏蔽门便携测试仪实现方案初探

通过分析西门子屏蔽门控制子系统工作原理和控制信号波形,探讨采用TMS320DM6437数字信号处理器和高速ADC/DAC实现地铁屏蔽门便携测试仪的实现方案。