Law enforcement in the ocean

The combating of the present great variety of criminal activities occurring at sea mainly involves measures to be taken on land, in particular in ports.However, also actual enforcement at sea will continue to play an essential (complementary) role. This article surveys the rules of international law governing law enforcement measures at sea. These rules are complex, because distinctions have to be made between the various jurisdictional zones at sea and between the positions of the flag state, the coastal state and the port state. Traditionally, ships in the high seas (all sea areas beyond a narrow band of territorial sea) were under the exclusive jurisdiction of the flag state. In an increasing number of situations, the coastal state now has law enforcement authority over foreign ships in expanded areas up to 200 nautical miles offshore. But apart from these situations, flag state jurisdiction still prevails beyond the territorial sea. This makes effective law enforcement difficult. In practice, many obstacles can be overcome by making more effective use of the authority of the port state, and by concluding new international agreements providing for specific enforcement systems.     

低质量船舶存在的问题及应对的对策

低质量船舶指无审批图纸或未按图施工,或造船工艺达不到船检法规和规范要求,或建造质量低劣,或未完成必须的建造检验项目而生产出来的船舶.近年来,随着国内水运经济的发展,造船业兴旺,沙滩、滩涂造船在一些地区发展迅速,大量的低质量船舶涌入航运市场,成为水上安全的重大隐患。     

铁路运输企业污水主要污染物产排污系数的研究

通过研究论证铁路行业产排污量与铁路运量的相关关系 ,建立单位运量的铁路运输行业产排污系数体系 ,了解铁路运输企业各工艺部门的排污强度 ,为宏观分析和预测铁路运输对环境的影响 ,实施铁路运输企业环境污染物总量控制奠定基础。     

引起牛蛙背根电位的传入纤维类别分析

实验用牛蛙。以坐骨神经干复合动作电位作为监测传入纤维类别的指标,对引起牛蛙背根电位(DRP)的传入纤维类别进行了分析。着重讨论了C-DRP的性质。实验中发现,阈刺激时,背根即可记录到一慢的负波A-DRP。随刺激强度增加,A-DRP幅度增大,在20T达到其最大幅值。在70T刺激强度下,在A-DRP之后出现一长潜伏期的负波。该波在300T达最大值。用普鲁卡因阻滞及三角波选择性刺激的方法均证明,该波是Ⅳ类传入引起的C-DRP。实验结果表明:牛蛙坐骨神经各类传人纤维均能引起负的背根电位。即各类纤维均能在脊髓节段引起突触前抑制。     

铁路旅客站房耐久性混凝土试验研究

结合郑西客运专线西安北站房工程,对高性能混凝土耐久性进行了试验研究。研究证明,通过对原材料的优选和对配合比的优化,采用优质高效外加剂和矿物掺合科,降低了用水量,减少了水泥用量,提高了混凝土的抗氯离子渗透、抗裂和抗冻性能,并采取了限制原材料碱含量和氯离子含量等措施来预防混凝土发生碱骨料反应和钢筋锈蚀,从而确保了混凝土的耐久性。     

无锡地铁一号线地铁车辆技术特点分析

地铁车辆是城市轨道交通的重要载体,为了保证安全环保地运营和省时、便捷的维护,同时彰显无锡的人文特色,提出了地铁车辆总体技术要求,并详细介绍了无锡地铁一号线地铁车辆的设计特点和主要参数。     

Sliding mode robust fault-tolerant control for uncertain systems with time delay

Considering the modeling uncertainties and external disturbance, a kind of sliding mode robust H∞fault-tolerant control method for time delay system with actuator fault is proposed. The upper-bound of the uncertainties is considered as a known constant, while the upper-bound of the actuator fault is unknown. A sufficient condition for the existence of an integral sliding mode dynamics is given in terms of linear matrix inequality(LMI). A novel adaptive law is given to estimate the unknown upper-bound of faults. On this basis, a type of sliding mode robust H∞fault-tolerant control law is designed to guarantee the asymptotic stability and the H_∞ performance index of the system. Finally, the simulation on quad-rotor semi-physical platform demonstrates the reliability and validity of the method.     

Novel electronic braking system design for EVS based on constrained nonlinear hierarchical control

Both environment protection and energy saving have attracted more and more attention in the electric vehicles (EVs) field. In fact, regarding control performance, electric motor has more advantages over conventional internal combustion engine. To decouple the interaction force between vehicle and various coordinating and integrating active control subsystems and estimate the real-time friction force for Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS), this paper’s primary intention is uniform distribution of longitudinal tire-road friction force and control strategy for a Novel Anti-lock Braking System (Nov- ABS) which is designed to estimate and track not only any tire-road friction force, but the maximum tire-road friction force, based on the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS). The longitudinal tire-road friction force is computed through real-time measurement of breaking force and angular acceleration of wheels. The Magic Formula Tire Model can be expressed by the reference model. The evolution of the tire-road friction is described by the constrained active-set SQP algorithm with regard to wheel slip, and as a result, it is feasible to identify the key parameters of the Magic Formula Tire Model. Accordingly, Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method is a proper way to estimate the desired wheel slip in regards to the reference of tireroad friction force from the top layer. Then, this paper adapts the Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control method to construct proposed Nov-ABS. According to the simulation results, the objective control strategy turns out to be feasible and satisfactory.